Table 5.

Lp(a)-related risk of incident HFrEF or HFpEF^* in Caucasian MESA participants (N=2,516)^†. Cox proportional hazards ratios and 95% confidence intervals are shown (p-values where significant). Lp(a) was modeled as a continuous variable (per log unit) and by clinical cutoff values, 30 and 50 mg/dL. Covariate adjustments were made for age, sex, field center, education, BMI, smoking (pack years), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, hypertension medication use, lipid lowering medication use, baseline glomerular filtration rate, HDL-C, total cholesterol, log triglycerides, diabetes, and prevalent AVC.

	HFrEF	HFpEF
Cases	47	54
per log unit Lp(a)	1.04 (0.79 – 1.37)	1.48 (1.17 – 1.89) 0.002
Lp(a)≥ 30 mg/dL	1.67 (0.91 – 3.06)	2.09 (1.11 – 3.93) 0.02
Lp(a)≥ 50 mg/dL	1.60 (0.80 – 3.21)	2.53 (1.34 – 4.78) 0.004

Definitions: HFrEF=heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HFpEF=heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; BMI=body mass index; diabetes=treated and untreated cases; HDL-C=high density lipoprotein-cholesterol; AVC=aortic valve calcification

^*HFpEF = ejection fraction≥45%

^†Individuals with missing covariates or EF data were excluded from the analysis