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. 2018 Oct 18;14(10):e1007368. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007368

Fig 3. Genomic evolutionary rates for the major Baltimore groups and BKV.

Fig 3

Substitution rates are given as substitutions per nucleotide site per year (s/s/y). For the major groups (dsDNA: double-stranded DNA viruses—BKV [5, 7, 28] (time span of sequences (TSS) of 29 years (y), 25 y, and 32 y, respectively), JC polyomavirus [27, 31] (TSS 33 y and 13 y, respectively), herpes simplex virus 1 [32, 33] (TSS not available and 21 y, respectively), human papillomavirus 18 [34] (TSS not available), monkeypox virus [35] (TSS 7 y), variola virus [5] (TSS 31 y), varicella zoster virus [5] (TSS 37 y); ssDNA: single-stranded DNA viruses—African cassava mosaic virus [25] (TSS 5 y), banana bunchy top virus [36] (TSS 2 months), human bocavirus [37] (TSS 1 y), human parvovirus B19 [38, 39] (TSS 14 y and 28 y, respectively), porcine circovirus 2 [40] (TSS 27 y), tomato yellow leaf curl virus [41] (TSS 29 y); RT: retroviruses—avian hepatitis B virus [42] (TSS 22 y), human hepatitis B virus [42–44] (TSS 22 y, 25 y and 35 y, respectively); human immunodeficiency virus 1 [45] (TSS 2 y), primate T-cell lymphotropic virus [45] (TSS 2 y); dsRNA: double-stranded RNA viruses—bluetongue virus [46] (TSS 48 y), human rotavirus [47] (TSS 16 y), homalodisca vitripennis virus [48] (TSS 2 y); ss(-)RNA: single-stranded RNA viruses with negative polarity–Ebola virus [49] (TSS 4 months), fever, thrombocytopenia and leukocytopenia syndrome virus [50] (TSS 4 y), influenza A virus [51, 52] (TSS 28 y and 1 y, respectively), hepatitis delta virus [53] (TSS 3 y), human respiratory syncytial virus [54] (TSS 10 y), rabies virus [55] (TSS 30 y), rift valley fever virus [56] (TSS 10 y); and ss(+)RNA: single-stranded RNA viruses with positive polarity—avian coronavirus [57] (TSS 41 y), barley yellow dwarf virus [58] (TSS 2 y), dengue virus [59](TSS 29 y), foot-and-mouth disease virus [60] (TSS 75 y), hepatitis A virus [61] (TSS 13 y), hepatitis C virus [62] (TSS 20 y), Japanese encephalitis virus [63] (TSS 60 y), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus [64](TSS 4 months), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus [65] (TSS 3 y), rubella virus [66] (TSS not available), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus [67] (TSS 4 months), St. Louis encephalitis virus [68] (TSS 46 y), Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus [69] (TSS 54 y)). Each point represents the value of a previously published genomic evolutionary rate (note that for some references, more than one substitution rate is represented in the caption). Red circles represent short time span estimates (< 5 years) and blue squares represent long-time span estimates (> 5 years). Medians with interquartile ranges are indicated. In the case of the inter- and intra-host genomic evolutionary rates of BKV, the values are represented as a range of values obtained in this study.