Table 1. Sample size breakdown from citizen-scientist audio recordings of wild bearded manakins performing the roll-snap display.

All recordings were obtained from Xeno Canto (XC) or the Macaulay Library of Natural Sound (LNS). For accession information and metadata, please see source data file (Figure 2—source data 1). For each species, we were able to collect data from more individuals than there are audio recordings. This is because most high-quality recordings captured displays from two or more males displaying at different distances from the recordist, which were clearly distinguished by amplitude.

Species	# Recordings	# Individuals	# Displays (±1 SEM) per individual
Golden-collared manakin	21	34	4.5 ± 0.53
White-collared manakin	16	24	3.1 ± 0.51
Orange-collared manakin	9	25	2.6 ± 0.46
White-bearded manakin	40	76	3.4 ± 0.42