Table 3.
Clinical QOL, participation outcome measures and inferential statistics.
| Intervention Phase | Repeated measures ANOVA | Post hoc analysis | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before | After | FU | Mean between-group differences | Group between-participants | Time within-participants | Time x group interaction | within-group | |||||
| Before | After | FU | T1-T0 | T2-T0 | ||||||||
| Outcome Measure | Group | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | 95% CI (LB, UB) | 95% CI (LB, UB) | 95% CI (LB, UB) | p | p | p | p | p |
| MAL-AoU | EG | 96.31 (45.10) | 100.71 (46.15) | 100.92 (46.71) | −6.00 (−34.83; 22.84) | −4.07 (−32.87; 24.73) | −3.69 (−32.97; 25.60) | n.s. | 0.007* | n.s. | 0.005* | 0.016* |
| CG | 102.31 (43.58) | 104.78 (42.55) | 104.61 (43.45) | n.s. | n.s. | |||||||
| MAL-QoM | EG | 96.95 (41.37) | 102.15 (42.17) | 101.68 (43.30) | 1.01 (−25.44; 27.45) | 1.43 (−25.76; 28.62) | 1.79 (−25.99; 29.57) | n.s. | <0.001* | n.s. | <0.001* | 0.015* |
| CG | 95.94 (39.95) | 100.72 (41.38) | 99.89 (42.10) | 0.013* | n.s. | |||||||
| MSQOL-54 (PH) | EG | 42.46 (19.18) | 44.77 (18.60) | 45.59 (19.84) | −1.39 (−13.70; 10.92) | 1.59 (−11.10; 14.27) | 3.21 (−9.18; 15.60) | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | – | – |
| CG | 43.85 (17.17) | 43.18 (18.75) | 42.48 (17.78) | – | – | |||||||
| MSQOL-54 (MH) | EG | 54.61 (25.77) | 58.78 (22.10) | 58.85 (24.29) | −2.14 (−17.50; 13.23) | −1.99 (−17.40; 1.41) | 2.29 (−13.52; 18.11) | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | – | – |
| CG | 56.75 (19.38) | 60.78 (23.19) | 57.41 (23.30) | – | – | |||||||
| LIFE-H (acc.) | EG | 7.22 (1.90) | 7.42 (1.84) | 7.36 (1.83) | −0.24 (−1.28; 0.81) | −0.13 (−1.13; 0.87) | −0.23 (1.23; 0.76) | n.s. | 0.01* | n.s. | 0.002* | 0.026° |
| CG | 7.45 (1.29) | 7.55 (1.22) | 7.6 (1.21) | n.s. | n.s. | |||||||
| LIFE-H (PS) | EG | 3.96 (0.83) | 4.29 (0.65) | 4.29 (0.75) | −0.17 (−0.70; 0.36) | −0.09 (−0.54; 0.35) | −0.12 (−0.60; 0.37) | n.s. | <0.001* | n.s. | 0.001* | 0.001* |
| CG | 4.13 (0.78) | 4.38 (0.71) | 4.41 (0.74) | 0.001* | 0.024* | |||||||
EG, Experimental group; CG, Control group; FU, Follow Up; QOL, Quality Of Life; MAL-AoU, Motor Activity Log—Amount of Use; MAL-QoM, Motor Activity Log—Quality of Movement; MSQOL-54 (PH), Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life (Physical Health); MSQOL-54 (MH), Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life (Mental Health); LIFE-H (acc.), Life Habits (accomplishments); LIFE-H (PS), Life Habits (Patient Satisfaction).
*
Statistically significant.
°trend toward statistical significance; for post-hoc analysis p significant if <0.025; 95% confidence interval (CI), LB lower bound, UB upper bound.