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. 2018 Oct 30;8:16065. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34418-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Acid bone lysate (ABL) decreases osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Exposure of osteogenic calvaria cells and adipogenic 3T3-L1 cells to ABL caused a considerable decrease of the marker genes alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) (a), as well as PPARγ and C/EBP (b), respectively. Chondrogenic ATDC5 cells showed a moderate increase of SOX9 and COL10 (c). Histochemical staining of alkaline phosphatase activity confirmed the findings from gene expression in osteogenic calvaria cells (d). N = 3–5. Data represent the mean ± SD.