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. 2018 Oct 30;8:16032. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34492-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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A. adenophora induced in pyroptosis hepatocyte. (a) Scattergram of pyroptosis of hepatocytes. The hepatocytes were analyzed for pyroptosis through flow cytometry basing on Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. A. adenophora markedly increased PI positive cell in dose-dependent manner. (b) Caspase-1 and IL-1β expression were detected by immunohistochemistry method. The optical density values were counted by three random microscope. Magnification, 400×. Scale bar = 40 μm. The distribution of caspase-1 and IL-1β (yellow stain regions were indicated by red arrows) were increased with the increasing level of A. adenophora. ELISA was used to measured the levels of IL-1β in serum and liver homogenate (c,d). Caspase-1 activity was measuredindifferentgroups (e). The data were analyzed using Student’s t test and were considered signifcant as follows: **p < 0.01. All data are represented as mean ± SD.