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. 2018 Oct 30;8:16044. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33360-8

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Macrophages in AL periprosthetic tissues do not express TH or ADRB2. The expression of TH, ADRA1, ADRA2A and ADRB2 (a) and the expression of NPY and Y1R (b) by macrophages (CD68⁺) was evaluated in periprosthetic tissues from AL patients and in synovial tissues from OA patients through double immunohistochemistry staining. Macrophages expressing TH, ADRA1, ADRA2A, ADRB2 or NPY are highlighted with triangle head white arrows. Simple head white arrows indicate macrophages and white arrowheads highlight TH, ADRA1, ADRB2, NPY and Y1R staining in cells other than macrophages (positive control). Scale bar = 20 μm.