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. 2018 Oct 30;8:16028. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34470-z

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The adaptive value of camouflage in Hippolyte obliquimanus prawns. (a) Seahorse vision discrimination (as ‘just noticeable differences’; JNDs) of prawn morphs against seaweed habitats. Boxes display medians and inter-quartile ranges (IQRs), whiskers represent lowest and highest values within 1.5∗IQRs, and black filled circles represent outliers. The dashed line (JND = 1) indicates the threshold for visual discrimination of prawns by seahorses. ns: not significant; ***p < 0.001. (b) Seahorse predation rates, as the percentage of individuals consumed in 2 h trials (mean ± SE), on brown and pink prawn morphs when placed in Galaxaura and Sargassum habitats. ns: not significant; *p < 0.05.