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. 2018 Oct 30;9:2041731418808695. doi: 10.1177/2041731418808695

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© The Author(s) 2018

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 6. — Collagen deposition by chick epiphyseal cells was enhanced by TREK1 nanoparticle–activated hMSCs. (a) Collagen production was increased by ~20% when chick epiphyseal cells were cultured with hMSCs. When hMSCs are mechanically stimulated by TREK1 magnetic nanoparticles, collagen production (predominantly from the surrounding chick cells) was increased by 60%–90%. (b) A closer examination of collagen deposition as a function of distance from the central hMSC colony shows that chick epiphyseal cells closer to the hMSCs produced more collagen (normalised against the chick-only control and presented as fold-change). Collagen production by chick cells was inversely proportional to their distance from the hMSCs, indicating a biochemical concentration gradient or direct cell–cell contact is required to stimulate upregulation of collagen synthesis. Error bars show standard deviation, n = 6; R² values indicate coefficient of linear regression.