Table 2. Details of autochthonous human West Nile and Usutu virus infections, Austria, 2018.

Cases	Main symptoms	Month of symptom onset/ blood donation	Cobas WNV assaya	WNV RT-PCRb	USUV RT-PCRb	WNV NT	USUV NT
WNND
1	Disorientation, aphasia	August	ND	Pos	Neg	240	40
2	Disorientation, coma	September	ND	Pos	Neg	640	60
3	Fever, stiff neck	August	ND	Pos	Neg	160	20
4	Dysarthria, limb weakness	September	ND	Neg	Neg	240	60
WNF
1	Fever, rash, fatigue, headache	August	ND	Pos	Neg	960	160
2	Fever, rash, diarrhoea	August	ND	Pos	ND	320	80
3	Fever, rash	August	ND	Pos	Neg	640	60
4	Rash	August	ND	Pos	ND	ND	ND
5	Fever, rash	August	ND	Pos	ND	40	30
6	Fever, rash	August	ND	Pos	ND	320	120
7	Rash, ocular pain	August	ND	Pos	ND	320	40
8	Fever, fatigue, muscle aches	August	ND	Pos	ND	480	60
9	Rash, fatigue	August	ND	Neg	Neg	240	60
10	Fever, rash	August	ND	Pos	ND	120	< 20
11	Fever, fatigue	August	ND	Pos	Neg	320	< 20
Blood donors
WNV
BD2	Rash, fatigue, headachec	August	Pos (30.4)	Pos	Neg	480	30
BD4	Rash, fatigued	August	Pos (40.0)	Pos	Neg	1,920	160
BD9	Fatigue, joint achesc	August	Pos (30.8)	Pos	Neg	240	80
BD17	Asympt	August	Pos (30.0)	Pos	Neg	160	60
BD18	Asympt	August	Pos (39.4)	Pos	Neg	240	160
WNV/USUV
BD7	Asympt	August	Pos (34.1)	Pos	Pos	960	120
USUV
BD1	Asympt	June	Pos (38.7)	Neg	Pos	< 20	40
BD3	Rashc	August	Pos (37.6)	Neg	Pos	60	160
BD5	Asympt	August	Pos (39.4)	Neg	Pos	ND	ND
BD6	Asympt	August	Pos (37.1)	Neg	Pos	80	240
BD8	Asympt	August	Pos (44.0)	Neg	Pos	< 20	80
BD10	Asympt	August	Pos (35.3)	Neg	Pos	ND	ND
BD11	Asympt	August	Pos (38.8)	Neg	Pos	30	120
BD12	Asympt	August	Pos (40.7)	Neg	Pos	< 20	160
BD13	Asympt	August	Pos (38.4)	Neg	Pos	< 20	40
BD14	No information	August	Pos (39.3)	Neg	Pos	ND	ND
BD15	Asympt	August	Pos (36.5)	Neg	Pos	ND	ND
BD16	Asympt	August	Pos (36.8)	Neg	Pos	20	40
BD19	Asympt	August	Pos (36.6)	Neg	Pos	20	120
BD20	Asympt	August	Pos (42.1)	Neg	Neg	< 20	80
BD21	Asympt	August	Pos (41.7)	Neg	Neg	< 20	80
BD22	Asympt	September	Pos (40.0)	Neg	Pos	ND	ND
BD23	Asympt	Septenber	Pos (38.6)	Neg	Pos	40	240

Asympt: asymptomatic; ND: not done; Neg: negative; NT: Neutralizing antibody titer in first or follow-up serum sample; Pos: positive; USUV: Usutu virus; WNF: West Nile fever; WNND: West Nile neuroinvasive disease; WNV: West Nile virus.

^aNucleic acid test performed in plasma samples. Cq values obtained with pools of 19 donations are shown in brackets.

^bWNV and USUV PCR performed in plasma, whole blood, serum, urine and/or cerebral spinal fluid.

^cSymptoms occurred 1–3 days after blood donation. The donors were viremic but asymptomatic.

^dMild symptoms 2 days before blood donation, but asymptomatic at blood donation.

All infections diagnosed up to 24 October 2018 are included.

WNV and USUV PCRs, as well as neutralisation tests, were performed as previously described [5,6,9].