Table 1.
Major randomized clinical trials (RCT) evaluating pharmacological treatments for acute moderate/severe TBI.
| Study | Drug | Treatment start | Treatment duration | Sample size | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Skolnick (22) | Progesterone | < 8 h | 5 days | 1,195 | ND |
| Wright 4 | Progesterone | < 4 h | 4 days | 882 | ND |
| Shakur (23) | Anatibant | < 8 h | 4 days | 228 | ND |
| Marmarou (24) | Bradycor | < 12 h | 5 days | 139 | ND |
| Eurogroup (25) | Nimodipine | < 24 h | 7 days | 852 | ND |
| Teasdale (26) | Nimodipine | < 24 h | 7 days | 352 | ND |
| Perel (27) | Tranexamic acid | < 8 h | 1 day | 170 | ND |
| Robertson (28) | Erythropoietin | < 6 h | 14 days | 200 | ND |
| Maas (29) | Dexanabinol | < 6 h | 1 day | 861 | ND |
| Yurkewicz (30) | Traxopodil | < 8 h | 3 days | 404 | ND |
| Morris (31) | Selfotel | < 8 h | 4 days | 693 | ND |
| Marshall (32) | Tirilazad | < 4 h | 5 days | 1,120 | ND |
| Young (33) | Pegorgotein | < 8 h | 1 day | 463 | ND |
| Asehnoune (34) | Steroids | < 24 h | 10 days | 336 | ND |
| Edwards 2 | Steroids | < 8 h | 2 days | 10,008 | ND |
| Grumme (35) | Steroids | < 4 h | 8 days | 396 | ND |
Study selection was derived from the systematic review by Bragge et al. 5. An RCT was defined as robust if it was multicenter, included more than 100 patients, and had low risk of bias. For each study, it is reported first author and year of publication, the investigated drug, treatment start and length, number of patients included, and the effect on outcome, as mortality for Shakur, Perel and Asehnoune and Glasgow Outcome Scale for the others. ND, no statistical difference between intervention and control regarding selected outcome.