Table 2.

Prediction of cognitive decline using amyloid PET in cognitively normal subjects

Reference	Study design				Tracer	Main outcome
	Cohort	Size	Follow-up	Mean age
Donohue et al., 2017 [40]	ADNI	N = 445	Median 3.1 years	74	Various tracers or CSF	Aβ+: worse mean scores after 4 years on Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite score, MMSE and CDR-SB.
Petersen et al., 2016 [39]	Mayo Clinic Study of Aging	N = 564	Median 2.5 years	78	PiB	Aβ+: increased rate of cognitive decline in various cognitive domains and progression to MCI.
Vemuri et al., 2015 [38]	Mayo Clinic Study of Aging	N = 393	Mean 2.7 years	78	PiB	Aβ+: increased rate of cognitive decline compared to Aβ–.
Lim et al., 2012 [34]	AIBL	N = 141	18 months	76	PiB	Aβ+: greater cognitive decline on working memory and verbal and visual episodic memory.
Lim et al., 2014 [35, 73]	AIBL	N = 320	36 months	70	Various tracers	Aβ+: greater cognitive decline on verbal and visual episodic memory.
Rowe et al., 2013 [41]	AIBL	N = 183	36 months	72	PiB	Aβ+: predictor of progression to MCI/dementia (OR 4.8).
Kawas et al., 2013 [36]	90+ study	N = 13	Median 1.5 years	94	Florbetapir	Aβ+: steeper declines on most cognitive tests, particularly global cognitive measures.
Doraiswamy et al., 2014 [37]	AV45-A11 study. Multi-site, USA	N = 69	36 months	70	Florbetapir	Aβ+: greater decline on ADAS-Cog, digit-symbol-substitution test, verbal fluency test and CDR-SB.
Villemagne et al., 2011 [147]	Austin Health Memory Disorder Clinic and Melbourne Aging Study	N = 32	Mean 20 months	73	PiB	Aβ high: 16% conversion rate to MCI by 20 months Aβ high: 25% conversion rate to MCI by 3 years Aβ low: 1 subject developed MCI
Storandt et al., 2009 [31]	Washington University ADRC	N = 135	Up to 19 years. pre-PET	75	PiB	Increased cognitive decline in episodic and working memory in amyloid positive subjects (cognition measured before PET scan).
Morris et al., 2009 [30]	Washington University	N = 159	Mean 2.4 years	71.5	PiB	Higher mean cortical binding potential values predicted progression to AD (HR 4.85, 1.22–19.01).
Mormino et al., 2014 [46]	Harvard Aging Brain Study	N = 166	Median 2.1 years	74	PiB	Cognitive decline over time was observed only in cognitively healthy individuals who were Aβ+ and had evidence of neurodegeneration.
Resnick et al., 2010 [32]	Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging	N = 57	Mean 10.8 years	78.7	PiB	Aβ high: greater decline in mental status and verbal learning and memory, but not visual memory. Significant associations in frontal and lateral temporal regions.

Aβ+/− amyloid positive/negative, AD Alzheimer’s disease, ADAS-cog Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale, ADNI Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, ADRC Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, AIBL Australian Imaging, Biomarker and Lifestyle study, CDR-SB Clinical Dementia Rating sum of boxes, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, HR hazard ratio, MCI mild cognitive impairment, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, OR odds ratio, PET positron emission tomography, PiB Pittsburgh compound B