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. 2018 Oct 31;8:16111. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34553-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The main effect of sodium oxybate (Xyrem ®) in patients with LD and LD/DTv before and after drug intake compared to healthy subjects. Panel (I) depicts statistically significant differences in brain activation during symptomatic speech production across all patients before drug intake compared to healthy subjects (baseline). Panels (Ia and Ib) show differences in brain activation during symptomatic speech production in LD patients (Ia) and LD/DTv patients (Ib) after drug intake compared to healthy subjects. Graph (II) shows individual speech symptoms as measured by a number of LD-characteristic voice breaks before and after drug intake in LD and LD/DTv patients. Brain activation differences are shown on a series of axial brain imaging in an AFNI standard Talairach-Tournoux space at FWE-corrected p ≤ 0.05.