Table 2.
Comparison of the cognitive assessment variables between patients with and without reported type 2 diabetes.
| Type 2 diabetes = absent (n = 4,964) |
Type 2 diabetes = present (n = 1,859) |
MD | F 1;6817 | p | 95% CI (MD) | |d| | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||||||
| Phonological verbal fluency of letter P: total | 12.40 | 4.59 | 11.74 | 4.39 | 0.66 | 33.93 | <0.001* | 0.44 | 0.88 | 0.15 |
| Semantic verbal fluency of animals: total | 16.22 | 4.96 | 15.63 | 4.74 | 0.58 | 22.63 | <0.001* | 0.34 | 0.82 | 0.12 |
| Trail Making Test: A, total time (seconds) | 52.14 | 27.66 | 54.02 | 28.74 | −1.88 | 7.00 | 0.016* | −3.26 | −0.49 | 0.07 |
| Trail Making Test: B, total time (seconds) | 123.78 | 63.84 | 130.70 | 69.63 | −6.92 | 17.91 | <0.001* | −10.13 | −3.72 | 0.10 |
| Digit: forward score | 8.81 | 2.46 | 8.80 | 2.49 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.798 | −0.13 | 0.16 | 0.01 |
| Digit: backwards core | 5.16 | 2.27 | 5.20 | 2.14 | −0.04 | 0.29 | 0.637 | −0.16 | 0.09 | 0.02 |
| Digit: forward Span | 5.70 | 1.35 | 5.61 | 1.33 | 0.10 | 2.94 | 0.114 | −0.01 | 0.21 | 0.07 |
| Digit: backwards Span | 3.81 | 1.25 | 3.72 | 1.19 | 0.09 | 3.24 | 0.115 | −0.01 | 0.19 | 0.07 |
Note. SD, standard deviation; MD, mean difference; |d|, Cohen’s-d measuring effect size.
*Bold: significant comparison (0.05 level, including Finner’s correction).
All the results adjusted for sex, age, education and presence of apnoea.