TABLE 1.
Demographic Characteristics (N = 153)
| Gestational age (weeks) | Mean (SD) | 39.05 (1.84) |
| Birthweight (g) | <2,500, N (%) | 7 (4.58) |
| Mean (SD) | 3,307.25 (482.94) | |
| Child’s sex | Boy, N (%) | 86 (56.2) |
| Girl, N (%) | 67 (43.8) | |
| Marital status | Married, N (%) | 55 (35.9) |
| Common law, N (%) | 12 (7.8) | |
| Single, N (%) | 84 (54.9) | |
| Divorced/separate/widowed, N (%) | 2 (1.4) | |
| On welfare | Yes, N (%) | 117 (76.5) |
| No, N (%) | 36 (23.5) | |
| Mother’s education | Primary/some high school, N (%) | 27 (17.6) |
| High school degree/GED, N (%) | 34 (22.2) | |
| Some college, N (%) | 39 (25.5) | |
| Associate’s degree, N (%) | 19 (12.4) | |
| Bachelor’s degree, N (%) | 19 (12.4) | |
| Graduate-level degree, N (%) | 15 (9.8) | |
| Mother’s race | White, N (%) | 17 (11.1) |
| Black, N (%) | 38 (24.8) | |
| Hispanic, N (%) | 80 (52.3) | |
| Asian, N (%) | 11 (7.2) | |
| Others, N (%) | 7 (4.6) | |
| Maternal age | Mean (SD) | 27.53 (5.8) |
| Use of antidepressant | Yes, N (%) | 3 (2.0) |
| No, N (%) | 150 (98) | |
| Negative affectivity | Mean (SD) | 3.23 (0.89) |
| Regulation | Mean (SD) | 5.42 (0.66) |
| HSD11B2 | Mean (SD) | 10.30 (1.76) |
| NR3C1 | Mean (SD) | 10.82 (0.45) |
| NR3C2 | Mean (SD) | 7.06 (0.68) |
| Prenatal depression | Mean (SD) | 6.97 (5.27) |
| Postnatal depression | Mean (SD) | 5.75 (5.51) |
Note. SD, standard deviations.