Table 1.

Dipole moments for ME1, ME2, ME3, M2, M3, spiro-OMeTAD, and PTAA

Molecule	μg (E)a	μe (E*)b	μg (K)c	μe (K*)d	Δμgee	r f
ME1	2.23	4.30			2.07	0.047
			2.49	6.03	3.54
ME2	4.19	4.32			0.13	0.061
			4.24	7.64	3.40
ME3	6.77	6.79			0.02	0.091
			6.78	9.64	2.86
M2	3.19g	5.99g			2.80	0.023
M3	4.51g	4.82g			0.31	0.026
Spiro-OMeTAD	0.28g	0.72g			0.44	0.005
PTAA	0.27g	1.98g			1.71	0.002

^aEnol form ground-state dipole moment (theoretical value by DFT, unit: D)

^bEnol form excited-state dipole moment (theoretical value by DFT, unit: D)

^cKeto form ground-state dipole moment (theoretical value by DFT, unit: D)

^dKeto form excited-state dipole moment (theoretical value by DFT, unit: D)

^eDifference between the ground- and excited-state dipole moment (theoretical value by DFT)

^fFluorescence anisotropy (experimental value)

^gBecause M2, M3, spiro-OMeTAD, and PTAA are not ESIPT-molecules, they have only one ground and excited states of their own molecular structures. Their dipole moment values are added here for convenience