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. 2018 Oct 31;8:16113. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34305-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Characterization of ATMs in Ipra-treated WT mice fed a HFD. Six-week-old WT mice were fed a HFD for 16 weeks and were administered the vehicle (DMSO) or Ipra during the last 4 weeks. (a) The ontology terms enriched among the upregulated (>1.5-fold) mRNAs in Epi from HFD-fed mice treated with Ipra compared with those from HFD-fed mice treated with vehicle. The results are expressed as −log (p value). (b) Representative plots and quantification of flow cytometry for M1-like (CD11c⁺CD206⁻ cells) and M2-like (CD11c⁻CD206⁺ cells) adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs, CD45⁺CD11b⁺F4/80⁺ cells) in Epi, and M1-like/M2-like ratio (n = 4, each group). (c) Gene expression levels of CD206 (Mrc1) and CD301b (Mgl2) in the sorted ATMs (n = 4). (d) Representative plots and quantification of flow cytometry for Ly6C high (Ly6C^hi) and low (Ly6C^l°) monocytes, and neutrophils (Neut) in the peripheral blood (n = 4). (e) Slc5a2 mRNA levels in sorted ATMs, Epi, isolated adipocytes (Adipo), stromal vascular fraction (SVF), and kidney of HFD-fed mice (n = 4). All values are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05 vs. vehicle.