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. 2018 Oct 31;8:16103. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34532-2

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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AFM-mediated topography of surface deformities in s38-targeted laid eggs. (A–D) Atomic-force-microscopy (AFM) imaging of control (c355-GAL4/+) (laid-egg) eggshell-surface topography, in increasing magnifications, illustrating the characteristic follicular-imprint hexagonal pattern (A–C). (D) Inside view of a hexagonal area, where, in a canonical distribution, dimple-like structures are self-assembled in a hill-and-valley arrangement. (E–H) AFM analysis of s38-downregulated (c355 > s38_RNAi) eggs, in increasing magnifications, unveils a severely disorganized eggshell surface that lacks the typical follicular imprints. In addition, the hill-and-valley/dimple patterns of control eggs are replaced by unevenly distributed granular structures. (I,J) Enhanced images of control (I) and s38-targeted (J) eggs, using the Gwyddion visualization software, demonstrating the fibrillary organized surface of control egg, within its hexagonal area (I), in contrast to the randomly organized granular surface of a representative s38-targeted (J) one. Number of eggs examined: control = 8, s38-downregulated = 14.