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. 2018 Oct 31;8:16122. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34205-0

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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In vitro and In vivo Folic acid (FA) release performance from Nutricosmetics. (a) In vitro release of FA (100 µg dose/20 mm²) from excise rat skin in 24 hr, ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.05 and *P < 0.01, Student’s t-test. (b) Cumulative release of folic acid from different formulations and subsequent skin depot obtained after removing the formulation after 24 hr shows one compartment first order kinetic release. FAL-R shows 70% release of FA, FAL-MM shows 80% release of FA, FAL-H shows 20% FA release but has greater ability to form skin depot, Folic acid solution being hydrophilic has poor permeability across SC. (c) Biopharmacokinetic release of single FA (1 mg dose per rat) in healthy Sprague Dawley rats shows first order release kinetics. FAL-R shows highest release of FA, followed by FAL-MM and FAL-H. The normal folate levels in rats are between 5–30 ng/mL, various formulations led to multifold increase in plasma folate levels. Excessive water soluble folic acid is naturally washed out of the body. (d) Representative image of rat after application of Nutricosmetic. N = 6. Mean ± SD.