Table 1.

Specifications of clinical photoacoustic imaging platforms

Platform	Probe					Laser					Data acquisition/processing system	Application
	Transducer type	# Of elements	Center frequency	Bandwidth	Scanning type	Wavelength	PRF	Pulse duration	Power	Light delivery
Neuschler et al. [54]	Linear	128		4–16 MHz	Handheld B-scan	757, 1064 nm		< 100 ns		Fiber		Breast cancer
Garcia-Uribe et al. [53]	Linear	128		4–12 MHz	Handheld B-scan	667 nm	10 Hz	6.5 ns	< 10 mJ/cm2	Fiber	iU22 (Philips Healthcare)	Breast cancer
Kim et al. [55]	Linear	128	8.5 MHz	3–12 MHz	Handheld B-scan	760, 850, 930, 950 nm	10 Hz		11.0, 10.7, 10.3, 9.8 mJ/cm2	Fiber	EC-12R (Alpinion Medical Systems)	Thyroid cancer
Yang et al. [46]	Linear	192	5.8 MHz		Handheld B-scan	1064 nm	10 Hz		5.5 mJ/cm2	Fiber	Resona7 (Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co. Ltd.)	Thyroid cancer
Irisawa et al. [30]	Linear	128	9 MHz		Motorized stage	750 nm	10 Hz	50 ± 10 ns	≤ 14.3 mJ/cm2	Fiber	FC1 (Fujifilm Medical Co. Ltd.)	Peripheral vasculature
Hai et al. [56]	Linear	256	21 MHz	78%	Stationary B-scan	850 nm	20 Hz		10 mJ/cm2	Fiber	Vevo LAZR (Visualsonics Inc.)	Vascualr compliance
Van den Berg et al. [31]	Linear	128	7.5 MHz	2.5–10 MHz	Stationary B-scan	808 nm	2 kHz	120 ns	3.2 mW/cm2	Free-space	MylabOne (ESAOTE Europe)	Finger
Jo et al. [32]	Linear		11.25 MHz		Handheld B-scan	576, 584 nm				Fiber	V1 (Verasonics)	Inflammatory arthritis
Dima et al. [47]	Concave	64	5 MHz		Handheld B-scan	800 nm	10 Hz	5 ns	≤ 20 mJ/cm2	Fiber	Custom ADC	Thyroid
Diot et al. [48]	Concave	256	5 MHz		Handheld B-scan	700–970 nm (10 nm step)	50 Hz	8 ns	≤ 15 mJ/pulse	Fiber	Custom ADC	Breast cancer
Taruttis et al. [29]	Concave	128	8 MHz		Handheld B-scan	730, 750, 800, 830 nm	10 Hz			Fiber	Custom ADC	Peripheral vasculature
Ermilov et al. [50]	Concave	128	5 MHz		Motorized stage	755 nm	10 Hz	75 ns	100 mJ/pulse	Fiber		Finger
Oeri et al. [49]	Concave	768	11–14 MHz	15 MHz	Motorized stage	700 nm	100 Hz	6 ns	2.9 mJ/cm2	Fiber	Custom ADC	Arthritis
Ishihara et al. [38]	Convex		6.5 MHz		Handheld B-scan	755 nm	10 Hz	40–50 ns	15 mJ/cm2	Fiber	Portable US system	Prostate, uterine cancer
Manohar et al. [72]	2D circular	588	1 MHz	130%	Stationary volumetric scan	1064 nm	10 Hz	10 ns		Free-space	NI PXI 5105 (National Instruments)	Breast cancer
Toi et al. [51]	2D hemisphere	512	2 MHz	70%	Motorized stage	755, 795 nm	10 Hz	75 ns	200 mJ/pulse	Free-space		Breast cancer
Dean-Ben et al. [44]	2D hemisphere	256	4 MHz	100%	Handheld volumetric scan	680–980 nm	10 Hz	< 10 ns		Fiber	Data acquisition cards	Melanoma