Table 4.
Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs of acute pancreatitis according to timing of the latest oral metronidazole prescription and stratified by single or combined regimen
| Oral metronidazole usea | Combined regimen, adj OR (95% CI)b | Single regimen, adj OR (95% CI)b |
|---|---|---|
| No prescription | 1 | 1 |
| Current (<31 days) | 11.80 (6.86–20.28) | 4.06 (1.90–8.64) |
| Recent (31–180 days) | 1.84 (1.29–2.63) | 0.77 (0.44–1.37) |
| Past (181–365 days) | 1.71 (1.17–2.50) | 1.49 (0.91–2.44) |
| Former (>365 days) | 1.39 (1.05–1.85) | 1.51 (1.07–2.14) |
Notes: ORs and 95% CIs were estimated using subjects not exposed to metronidazole before index date as the reference group;
before index date;
adjusted for matching variables (sex, age at index date, and calendar year at index date), inflammatory bowel disease, thiopurine drugs, sulfasalazine, alcohol abuse, cholelithiasis, civil status, education level, country of birth, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, gastrointestinal ulcer, PPIs, H2-receptor blockers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioid analgesics, and polypharmacy score.
Abbreviations: Adj, adjusted; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; PPI, proton pump inhibitor.