Table 1.

Indications for pediatric liver–kidney transplantation in regard to the types of transplantation procedure

Group of indications Specific indications	CLKT	SLKT
Irreversible liver failure:	Simultaneous liver and kidney failure	Failure of one organ precedes failure of the other one
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD)
α1-antitripsin deficiency	Extremely rare	Extremely rare
Primary sclerotic cholangitis Alagille syndrome Boichis syndrome
Lack/low activity of specific enzyme/regulator of immune system:	Recommended in cases of late diagnosis and renal failure (eGFR < 15 ml/min/1.73 m2)	Suggested to consider in cases of early diagnosis and relatively good native renal function (eGFR 15–29 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH 1) Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) Type 1a glycogen storage disease (von Gierke disease)
Atypical HUS (aHUS) *	*currently not recommended with availability of eculizumab	*Possible rare indication in case of poor efficacy of eculizumab-based prophylaxis
Liver transplantation and further failure of native kidneys	Not applicable	eGFR < 15 ml/min/1.73 m2

CLKT combined liver–kidney transplantation, SLKT sequential liver–kidney transplantation, ARPKD autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, PH1 primary hyperoxaluria type I, MMA methylmalonic acidemia, aHUS atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome 2