Fig. 1.

The effects of soil conditioning by twelve common grassland species and herbivory treatments on a shoot and b root biomass of Plantago lanceolata. Grey bars represent undamaged plants and white bars represent plants exposed to herbivory (Mamestra brassicae). Error bars represent standard errors. For each treatment combination, n = 5. Asterisks represent significant effects; +p < 0.07, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. Soils were conditioned by either forb or grass species. PL, Plantago lanceolata; CC, Crepis capillaris; TO, Taraxacum officinale; MA, Myosotis arvensis; GEM, Geranium molle; GS, Gnaphalium sylvaticum; AO, Anthoxanthum odoratum; AP, Alopecurus pratensis; HL, Holcus lanatus; AC, Agrostis capillaris; BM, Briza media; FO, Festuca ovina