. 2017 Nov 29;16(5):1219–1237. doi: 10.1007/s11469-017-9846-8

Table 1.

Sociodemographics of online and offline gamblers and comparison between pathological online and offline gamblers

		Offline gambler’s characterization					Online gambler’s characterization					Comparison: PGOF/PGON
		Recreational	At-risk abusive	Pathologic	Total	Sig.	Recreational	At-risk abusive	Pathologic	Total	Sig.	Offline	Online	Total	χ ²	d.f.	Sig.
Gender	Female	93	117	46	256	0.001*	156	144	35	335	0.001*	46	35	81	2.053	1	0.152
	Female	36.3%	45.7%	18.0%	100.0%		46.6%	43.0%	10.4%	100.0%		27.4%	20.7%	24.0%
	Male	79	172	122	373		147	333	134	614		122	134	256
	Male	21.2%	46.1%	32.7%	100.0%		23.9%	54.2%	21.8%	100.0%		72.6%	79.3%	76.0%
Age	Mean	34.74	33.62	39.75	35.58	0.001*	29.84	27.94	31.05	29.11	0.001*	39.75	31.05	35.40	6.757	340	0.001*
Age	SD	12.80	12.38	12.54	12.78		11.60	9.92	11.27	10.78		12.54	11.23	12.67	^a
Education	Up to 9 years of education	26	25	40	91	0.001*	47	48	31	126	0.003*	40	31	71	2.348	2	0.309
	Up to 9 years of education	28.6%	27.5%	44.0%	100.0%		37.3%	38.1%	24.6%	100.0%		23.7%	18.5%	21.1%
	12 years education	58	108	60	226		106	221	72	399		60	72	132
	12 years education	25.7%	47.8%	26.5%	100.0%		26.6%	55.4%	18.0%	100.0%		35.5%	42.9%	39.2%
	License	83	157	69	309		142	200	65	407		69	65	134
	License	26.9%	50.8%	22.3%	100.0%		34.9%	49.1%	16.0%	100.0%		40.8%	38.7%	39.8%
Job	Yes	118	192	129	439	0.056	163	259	111	533	0.030*	129	111	240	5.420	1	0.020*
	Yes	26.9%	43.7%	29.4%	100.0%		30.6%	48.6%	20.8%	100.0%		76.8%	65.3%	71.0%
	No	54	98	39	191		140	217	59	416		39	59	98
	No	28.3%	51.3%	20.4%	100.0%		33.7%	52.2%	14.2%	100.0%		23.2%	34.7%	29.0%
Household income in Euros	Up to 15.000	60	98	49	207	0.752	116	178	56	350	0.327	49	56	105	1.245	3	0.742
	Up to 15.000	29.0%	47.3%	23.7%	100.0%		33.1%	50.9%	16.0%	100.0%		29.0%	33.7%	31.3%
	15.001 to 40.000	41	70	49	160		75	124	47	246		49	47	96
	15.001 to 40.000	25.6%	43.8%	30.6%	100.0%		30.5%	50.4%	19.1%	100.0%		29.0%	28.3%	28.7%
	40.001 to 60.0000	59	91	56	206		68	133	52	253		56	52	108
	40.001 to 60.0000	28.6%	44.2%	27.2%	100.0%		26.9%	52.6%	20.6%	100.0%		33.1%	31.3%	32.2%
	> 60.000	12	28	15	55		27	28	11	66		15	11	26
	> 60.000	21.8%	50.9%	27.3%	100.0%		40.9%	42.4%	16.7%	100.0%		8.9%	6.6%	7.8%
Engaged relationship	Relation	129	206	122	457	0.652	186	281	121	588	0.016*	122	121	243	0.003	1	0.959
	Relation	28.2%	45.1%	26.7%	100.0%		31.6%	47.8%	20.6%	100.0%		71.3%	71.6%	71.5%
	No relation	43	83	49	175		115	194	48	357		49	48	97
	No relation	24.6%	47.4%	28.0%	100.0%		32.2%	54.3%	13.4%	100.0%		28.7%	28.4%	28.5%
Stability in relationship	Mean	6.33	6.08	5.30	5.94	0.001*	6.29	6.21	5.81	6.15	0.003*	5.30	5.81	5.55	−2.465	244	0.014*
Stability in relationship	SD	1.14	1.40	1.77	1.50		1.11	1.28	1.46	1.28		1.77	1.46	1.64	^a
Satisfaction with relationship		6.25	5.97	5.11	5.81	0.001*	6.22	6.04	5.52	5.99	0.001*	5.11	5.52	5.31	−1.781	251	0.076
Satisfaction with relationship		1.23	1.48	1.94	1.62		1.15	1.38	1.66	1.40		1.94	1.66	1.81	^a
Children	Yes	57	83	70	210		73	96	45	214		70	45	115	8.477	1	0.004*
	Yes	32.8%	28.7%	41.7%	33.3%	0.018*	24.3%	20.2%	26.6%	22.6%	0.158	41.7%	26.6%	34.1%
	No	117	206	98	421		227	380	124	731		98	124	222
	No	67.2%	71.3%	58.3%	66.7%		75.7%	79.8%	73.4%	77.4%		58.3%	73.4%	65.9%
Place of residence	Rural	31	35	17	83	0.087	50	81	17	148	0.251	17	17	34	0.534	2	0.766
	Rural	37.3%	42.2%	20.5%	100.0%		33.8%	54.7%	11.5%	100.0%		10.3%	10.2%	10.2%
	Urban	109	216	126	451		204	315	123	642		126	123	249
	Urban	24.2%	47.9%	27.9%	100.0%		31.8%	49.1%	19.2%	100.0%		76.4%	73.7%	75.0%
	Suburban	31	43	22	96		46	82	27	155		22	27	49
	Suburban	32.3%	44.8%	22.9%	100.0%		29.7%	52.9%	17.4%	100.0%		13.3%	16.2%	14.8%

PGOF pathological gamblers offline, PGON pathological gamblers online

*p ≤ 0.05,**p ≤ 0.10

^aIndependent-samples t test