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. 2018 Jun 16;127(4):437–459. doi: 10.1007/s00412-018-0674-9

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 1 — Autosomally synapsed pachytene Tex19.1^−/− spermatocytes have increased numbers of early meiotic recombination foci. a–c Immunostaining for RAD51 (a), DMC1 (b) and RPA (c) recombination proteins in Tex19.1^+/± and Tex19.1^−/− autosomally synapsed pachytene spermatocyte chromosome spreads. The recombination proteins are shown in green; SYCP3 (a–c red) and SYCE2 (a, c blue) mark the lateral and central elements of the synaptonemal complex, respectively. Single channel greyscale images for the recombination foci are also shown; foci co-localising with axes were scored as recombination foci. Asterisks indicate sex chromosomes, and arrowheads indicate example recombination foci. Scale bars 10 μm. d Scatterplots showing the number of axial recombination foci in autosomally synapsed pachytene nuclei. Means are indicated by horizontal lines. Mean foci frequencies are 13 ± 14, 15 ± 13, 13 ± 17, 24 ± 24, 86 ± 57 and 110 ± 44 from left to right across the plot. Numbers of nuclei analysed were 66, 60, 165, 163, 109 and 64 from a total of at least 3 experimental or 3 control animals for each recombination protein. Foci counts were compared between genotypes using a Mann-Whitney U test; asterisks denote significance (**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001), ns indicates no significant difference (p > 0.05)