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. 2018 Jul 21;62(5):832–844. doi: 10.1007/s00267-018-1082-x

Table 6.

Adjusted means and standard deviations of place identity and place dependence for river and specialization cluster

Place attachment River Specialization cluster
UD NU LY SA Casual Intermediate Advanced
Place identity n 154 203 363 340 452 566 42
M 4.11 4.25 3.87 3.86 3.49a 4.13b 4.44b
SE .07 .27 .08 .10 .04 .04 .22
Place dependence n 154 203 363 340 452 566 42
M 3.16a 2.87a 2.91a 2.68b 3.07 2.98 2.68
SE .08 .29 .08 .11 .04 .04 .24

Rivers and specialization groups with different superscripts are significantly different at the .05 level. The n's are the number of cases in each cells. Place attachment scale: 1 = strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree