Table 1.
In vitro susceptibilities (evaluated based on the criteria of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2018 and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing 2018a) of bloodstream isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and other Gram-negative bacteria, including isolates of non-typhoid Salmonella species from any site, fecal Shigella species, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae from the genitourinary system, collected from patients treated at 16 major teaching hospitals across Taiwan in 2017 to key antimicrobial agents tested
| Bacterial species (isolate no.) and antimicrobial agent tested | MIC (mg/L) | % of indicated susceptibility | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Range | MIC50 | MIC90 | S | I | R | |
| Escherichia coli (686) | ||||||
| Ceftolozane–tazobactam | 0.12–>64 | 0.25 | 1 | 94.3 | 2.2 | 3.5 |
| Ceftazidime–avibactam | ≤0.06–>64 | 0.12 | 0.25 | 99.9a | NA | 0.1a |
| Ceftazidime | ≤0.12–>256 | 0.25 | 32 | 74.5 | 5.1 | 20.4 |
| Cefepime | ≤0.12–>64 | ≤0.12 | 64 | 78.0 | 7.0 | 15.0 |
| Ertapenem | ≤0.06–>64 | ≤0.06 | 0.12 | 98.0 | 0.7 | 1.3 |
| Ciprofloxacin | ≤0.06–>64 | 0.25 | 64 | 68.2/59.9a | 1.3/6.7a | 30.5/33.4a |
| Levofloxacin | ≤0.06–>64 | 0.25 | 16 | 69.2/63.8a | 0.6/4.4a | 30.2/31.8a |
| Colistin | ≤0.12–8 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 98.8 | NA | 1.2 |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae (673) | ||||||
| Ceftolozane–tazobactam | ≤0.06–>64 | 0.5 | 64 | 84.1/80.7a | 1.2/NA | 14.7/19.1a |
| Ceftazidime–avibactam | ≤0.06–>64 | 0.12 | 1 | 99.1a | NA | 0.9a |
| Ceftazidime | ≤0.12–>256 | 0.25 | 256 | 73.7 | 3.4 | 22.9 |
| Cefepime | ≤0.12–>64 | ≤0.12 | 32 | 82.8 | 2.5 | 14.7 |
| Ertapenem | ≤0.06–>64 | ≤0.06 | 1 | 89.5 | 3.6 | 7.0 |
| Meropenem | ≤0.06–>64 | ≤0.06 | 0.12 | 94.5 | 0.6 | 4.9 |
| Ciprofloxacin | ≤0.06–>64 | ≤0.06 | 64 | 79.5/66.4a | 1.8/6.7a | 18.7/26.9a |
| Levofloxacin | ≤0.06–>64 | ≤0.06 | 32 | 81.0/69.7a | 2.2/9.5a | 16.8/20.8a |
| Colistin | ≤0.12–>64 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 97.6 | NA | 2.4 |
| Non-typhoid Salmonella spp. (221) | ||||||
| Ampicillin | 0.5–>64 | 4 | >64 | 51.6 | 1.8 | 46.6 |
| Cefixime | ≤0.12–>64 | ≤0.12 | >64 | 87.3 | 0.5 | 12.2 |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.12–64 | ≤0.12 | 1 | 92.3 | 1.8 | 5.9 |
| Ertapenem | ≤0.06–0.25 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Ciprofloxacin | ≤0.06–16 | ≤0.06 | 0.5 | 78.7/78.7a | 18.1/NAa | 3.2/21.3a |
| Levofloxacin | ≤0.06–16 | ≤0.06 | 1 | 78.7/89.6a | 10.9/8.6a | 10.4/1.8a |
| Moxifloxacin | ≤0.06–16 | 0.12 | 2 | 79.2a | NAa | 20.8a |
| Gentamicin | ≤0.12–>64 | 0.5 | 1 | 96.4 | 0.5 | 3.2 |
| Trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole | ≤0.12–>32 | ≤0.12 | >32 | 74.2 | NA | 25.8 |
| Colistin | 0.25–16 | 2 | 4 | 53.8 | NA | 46.2 |
| Shigella spp. (21) | ||||||
| Ampicillin | 1–>64 | >64 | >64 | 38.1 | 0 | 61.9 |
| Ceftriaxone | ≤0.12 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.12 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Ertapenem | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Ciprofloxacin | ≤0.06–16 | ≤0.06 | 16 | 61.9 | 0 | 38.1 |
| Levofloxacin | ≤0.06–8 | ≤0.06 | 8 | 61.9 | 19.0 | 19.0 |
| Trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole | ≤0.12–>32 | 1 | >32 | 61.9 | NA | 38.1 |
| Azithromycin–Shigella flexneri (17) | 1–>64 | 4 | >64 | 70.6 | NA | 29.4 |
| Azithromycin–Shigella sonnei (4) | 8–128 | 8 | 128 | 75 | NA | 25 |
| N. gonorrhoeae (129) | ||||||
| Cefotaxime | ≤0.03–0.5 | 0.06 | 0.25 | 100/89.1a | NA/NAa | NA/10.9a |
| Cefixime | ≤0.03–0.5 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 96.1/89.1a | NA/NAa | NA/10.9a |
| Cefpodoxime | ≤0.03–2 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 89.9 | NA | NA |
| Ciprofloxacin | ≤0.008–128 | 4 | 16 | 2.3 | 0 | 97.7 |
| Doxycycline | 0.25–32 | 8 | 16 | NA | NA | NA |
| Azithromycin | ≤0.03–>32 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 96.9/60.5a | NA/31.0a | 3.1/8.5a |
Note:
Denotes a significantly statistical difference (P<0.05) between different susceptibility subgroups.
Abbreviations: I, intermediate; MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; NA, non-applicable; R, resistant; S, susceptible.