Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants
| <a>Characteristics | Pharmacist intervention group (n=13) | Usual care group (n=17) |
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| Mean age, years (SD) | 38.31 (4.96) | 36.06 (9.88) |
| Sex (% female) | 69.2 | 58.8 |
| Mean body mass index, kg/m2 (SD) | 25.21 (5.87) | 23.23 (5.4) |
| Education, years (SD) | 14.54 (4.16) | 13 (4.4) |
| Substance use (%) | ||
| • Smoking | 30.8 | 41.2 |
| • Alcohol | 23.1 | 17.6 |
| • Amphetamine | 15.4 | 17.6 |
| • Cannabis | 0 | 11.8 |
| Comorbid psychiatric disorders (%) | ||
| • Depressive disorder | 7.69 | 11.76 |
| • Bipolar disorder | 7.69 | 5.88 |
| • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | 7.69 | 0 |
| Unemployment (%)a | 38.5 | 82.4 |
| Age at onset of illness, years (SD) | 32.89 (6.42) | 30.99 (10.11) |
| Duration of illness, years (SD) | 5.42 (3.35) | 5.07 (3.03) |
| Number of prior hospitalizations (SD) | 1 (1.2) | 0.82 (1.59) |
| Current antipsychotic use (%) | ||
| • FGAsb | 46.15 | 58.82 |
| • SGAsc | 53.85 | 64.71 |
| Anticholinergic use (%) | 92.31 | 100 |
| Adherence (%)d | 84.78 | 85.79 |
| BPRS, mean (SD) | 36.08 (3.62) | 38.29 (6.38) |
| WCST, mean (SD) | ||
| • Number of categories completed | 1.46 (1.45) | 1.12 (1.41) |
| • Perseverative errors | 21.23 (11.81) | 13.65 (10.5) |
| WMS, mean (SD) | ||
| • Trial 1 | 3.69 (1.75) | 3.59 (2.03) |
| • Total words recalled (trials 1–4) | 22.84 (7.54) | 20.29 (7.56) |
| • Short delay free recall trial | 5 (2.2) | 4.59 (2.27) |
| Stroop Color and Word Test, mean (SD) | 30.77 (11.11) | 28.94 (8.74) |
| TMT A, mean (SD) | 50.54 (25.51) | 62.12 (40.96) |
| TMT B, mean (SD) | 165.38 (90.41) | 152.53 (77.48) |
Notes:
P-value<0.05.
FGAs including haloperidol (0% in the pharmacist intervention group, 3.68% in the usual care group), flupentixol (0% in the pharmacist intervention group, 3.68% in the usual care group), trifluoperazine (7.69% in the pharmacist intervention group, 0% in the usual care group), perphenazine (38.46% in the pharmacist intervention group, 25.73% in the usual care group), chlorpromazine (0% in the pharmacist intervention group, 14.7% in the usual care group), fluphenazine decanoate (0% in the pharmacist intervention group, 7.35% in the usual care group), haloperidol decanoate (0% in the pharmacist intervention group, 3.68% in the usual care group).
SGAs including risperidone (38.47% in the pharmacist intervention group, 52.93% in the usual care group), olanzapine (15.38% in the pharmacist intervention group, 5.89% in the usual care group), paliperidone (0% in the pharmacist intervention group, 5.89% in the usual care group).
Adherence is defined as following at least 80% of the medication regimen.
Abbreviations: BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; FGAs, first-generation antipsychotics; SGAs, second-generation antipsychotics; TMT, Trail Making Test; WCST, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; WMS, Wechsler Memory Scale.