Fig. 1.

Cytotoxic effects of AOH in LPS and non-stimulated differentiated THP-1 derived macrophages measured with the Alamar Blue^® assay. Differentiated LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells were preincubated with AOH for 2 h and afterwards stimulated with LPS (10 ng/ml) for 3 h (a) and 18 h (b). Differentiated non-stimulated THP-1 cells were exposed to AOH for 5 h (c) and 20 h (d). THP1-Lucia™ NF-κB cells were preincubated with AOH for 2 h and stimulated with LPS for further 18 h (e). Fluorescence intensity was calculated as the percent of treated cells over control cells [treated with LPS or the solvent control) × 100 (T/C, %). Results are normalized to LPS or the solvent control (0.1% DMSO], respectively, expressed as mean ± SD of T/C (%). Statistical significances between varying concentrations of AOH were evaluated by one-way ANOVA and Holm–Bonferroni test (a–d p < 0.05), significances compared to LPS/solvent control were calculated with a two-sample t test (*p; **p; ***p < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001); n = 3–7 independent experiments