Fig. 3.

Inflammatory response in the peritoneal cavity 1 day after injection of carbon nanomaterials. The peritoneal cavities of all exposed mice were lavaged with ×1 PBS. a After separation from the cell pellet by centrifugation, the supernatant from the peritoneal lavage fluid was used to determine the total protein release. b Cells extracted from the peritoneal cavity were counted by Trypan Blue exclusion and stained with Kwik-Diff™. Lymphocytes (Lφ), monocytic cells (Mφ), including monocytes and macrophages, and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, such as neutrophils (Nφ), eosinophils (Eφ) and basophils (Bφ), could be identified in the peritoneal cavity of mice exposed to MWCNTs. In contrast, both GO materials failed to induce significant recruitment of any particular cell type, in comparison with the vehicle-treated control. Data in a represent the mean of three animals ± SD. Individual data points corresponding to each animal are plotted in Figure S11, Supporting Information. One-way ANOVA with post hoc Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test against the vehicle control was performed: *p < 0.05. Total cell recruitment was compared in bi, with the mean value of each cell type plotted in a stacked bar chart. Data in bii are represented by individual points corresponding to each animal (n = 3), alongside mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA with post hoc Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test against the vehicle control was performed: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. All materials were dispersed in 0.5% BSA solution