Table 2.
Mean, standard deviations, T test and Cohen’s d on various measures for the high-functioning dyslexics and typical-functioning dyslexics at Time 1
| M (SD) | t (48) | d | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HF (n = 25) | TF (n = 25) | |||
| Age (months) | 107.64 (19.87) | 109.20 (19.36) | −0.28 | −0.08 |
| Literacy: | 5.83 (0.90) # | 5.65 (1.22) # | 0.57 | 0.16 |
| Chinese word reading | 6.44 (1.78) # | 6.28 (1.99) # | 0.3 | 0.08 |
| One-minute reading | 6.36 (1.98) # | 6.24 (1.92) # | 0.22 | 0.06 |
| Chinese word dictation | 4.68 (2.06) # | 4.44 (1.87) # | 0.43 | 0.12 |
| Phonological awareness: | 9.32 (1.83) # | 9.08 (2.14) # | 0.43 | 0.12 |
| Rhyme detection | 9.00 (2.16) # | 9.28 (2.09) | −0.47 | −0.13 |
| Onset detection | 9.64 (2.55) | 8.88 (3.11) | 0.94 | 0.27 |
| Orthographic skills: | 8.00 (2.02) # | 8.68 (2.29) # | −1.11 | −0.31 |
| Lexical decision | 7.76 (3.29) # | 9.16 (2.93) | −1.59 | −0.45 |
| Radical position | 8.88 (2.80) | 9.28 (2.79) | −0.51 | −0.14 |
| Left-right reversal | 7.36 (3.50) # | 7.60 (3.79) # | −0.23 | −0.07 |
| Verbal working memory: | 9.35 (2.98) # | 9.13 (3.28) # | 0.24 | 0.07 |
| Word repetition I | 9.64 (3.29) | 9.40 (3.55) | 0.25 | 0.07 |
| Word repetition II | 8.60 (3.16) # | 8.40 (3.69) # | 0.21 | 0.06 |
| Nonword repetition | 9.80 (3.55) | 9.60 (3.74) | 0.19 | 0.05 |
| Rapid naming: | 5.40 (3.06) # | 6.28 (3.36) # | −0.97 | −0.27 |
| Digit rapid naming | 5.40 (3.06) # | 6.28 (3.36) # | −0.97 | −0.27 |
All p > .05. HF: high-functioning dyslexics, TF: typical-functioning dyslexics. # Significantly less than the normative mean (10)