Fig 3. Antimicrobial peptide gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster pre-exposed to non-pathogenic bacteria and subsequently injected with pathogenic bacteria.

Transcript levels of Diptericin A (A-C) and Drosomycin (D-F) at 0, 6, and 24 hours following intrathoracic injection with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), Escherichia coli, Photorhabdus luminescens, or P. asymbiotica. Prior to injection, D. melanogaster flies were grown on fly food mixed with Luria-Bertani (LB), E. coli and M. luteus mix (Ec+Ml), or heat-killed E. coli and M. luteus mix (HK Ec+Ml). All values were normalized to the PBS-injected control flies at the corresponding time points and analyzed using two-way ANOVA. Error bars represent standard error of the mean (*P≤0.05, ***P≤0.001, ****P ≤0.0001).