Table 1. Model selection results describing wolf travel speed as a function of snow depth, time of day (day versus night), and snowfall category (time since snowfall event).

Models were fitted with a random effect structure for each individual wolf (n = 17). The structure we specified allows for a by-individual random intercept and random slope over time_of_day.

Rank	Formula*	K	log(L)	AIC	ΔAIC	wi
1	snowfall_category + time_of_day	12	-3501.96	7027.93	0.00	0.51
2	snowfall_category * time_of_day	18	-3496.88	7029.75	1.82	0.20
3	snowfall_category + time_of_day + snow_depth	13	-3501.95	7029.90	1.98	0.19
4	snowfall_category * time_of_day + snow_depth	19	-3496.85	7031.71	3.78	0.08
5	time_of_day	6	-3511.88	7035.76	7.83	0.01
6	snowfall_category	11	-3507.28	7036.55	8.62	0.01
7	time_of_day + snow_depth	7	-3511.75	7037.50	9.57	0.00
8	snowfall_category + snow_depth	12	-3507.26	7038.52	10.60	0.00
9	Null model	5	-3517.27	7044.54	16.61	0.00
10	snow_depth	6	-3517.15	7046.30	18.37	0.00

* Dependent variable: Travel speed of grey wolves (log₁₀-transformed).