Table 2. Risk factors for infants diagnosed with subdural haemorrhage (SDH), by category traumatic SDH, acute (nontraumatic) SDH, and SDH concomitant with abuse diagnosis, and by age 0–6 and 7–365 days during the years 1997–2014 in Sweden (Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare: Patient Register, Medical Birth Register).
Crude odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals.
| Maternal and perinatal risk conditions | SDH 0–6 days | SDH 7–365 days | SDH & abuse diagnosis 0–365 days | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 74)1 | All (n = 232) |
Only traumatic SDH (n = 108)2 |
Only acute (nontraumatic) SDH (n = 69)3 |
(n = 43)4 | ||
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||
| Preeclampsia | 2·34 (1·07–5·10) | 2·11 (1·34–3·34) | 1·09 (0·44–2·67) | 2·13 (0·92–4·93) | 3·63 (1·53–8·61) | |
| Dystocic labour | 2·74 (1·68–4·46) | 0·98 (0·68–1·41) | 1·30 (0·80–2·11) | 0·54 (0·24–1·46) | 1·11 (0·49–2·49) | |
|
Mode of delivery (Ref: Planned Caeserean) |
Normal vaginal delivery | 1·67 (0·39–7·15) | 0·51 (0·35–0·73) | 1·00 (0·51–1·96) | 0·49 (0·25–0·96) | 0·40 (0·17–0·91) |
| Else spontaneous vaginal delivery | 3·02 (0·69–13·3) | 0·56 (0·36–0·86) | 0·91 (0·43–1·92) | 0·63 (0·29–1·35) | 0·49 (0·19–1·26) | |
| Emergency caesarean | 4·18 (0·89–19·7) | 0·62 (0·37–1·05) | 0·94 (0·38–2·31) | 0·76 (0·31–1·89) | 0·65 (0·21–2·0) | |
| Asssisted vaginal delivery | 18·8 (4·50–78·8) | 0·44 (0·23–0·83 | 1·00 (0·39–2·54) | 0·23 (0·05–1·03) | 0·32 (0·07–1·48) | |
|
Sex (Ref: females |
Male | 1·54 (0·96–2·46) | 1·78 (1·36–2·33) | 1·53 (1·04–2·26) | 2·29 (1·36–3·85) | 1·75 (0·93–3·27) |
| Multiple birth | 1·89 (0·69–5·18) | 2·78 (1·72–4·50) | 1·95 (0·85–4·43) | 3·74 (1·71–8·16) | 3·39 (1·21–9·50) | |
|
Gestational week (Ref:37+) |
32–36 | 1·07 (0.39–2.94) | 2·66 (1·80–3·93) | 2·08 (1·11–3·88) | 2·79 (1·38–5·63) | 1·07 (0·39–2·94) |
| <32 | 4·17 (1·31–13·3) | 3·33 (1·57–7·07) | 1·96 (0·48–7·95) | 3·21 (0·78–13·2) | 4·17 (1·31–13·3) | |
| Small-for-gestational-age | <2.5th percentile | 1·87 (0·59–5·95) | 2·52 (1·41–4·51) | 1·29 (0·41–4·08) | 2·93 (1·06–8·08) | 6·14 (2·40–15·7) |
| <10th percentile | 0·91 (0·42–1·99) | 1·46 (1·01–2·11) | 1·31 (0·75–2·29) | 1·69 (0·88–3·22) | 1·72 (0·76–3·87) | |
| Birth Asphyxia | Apgar <4 1 minute | 20·4 (11·7–35·5) | 1·63 (0·67–3·94) | 1·39 (0·34–5·64) | 1·09 (0·15–7·82) | - |
| Apgar <4 5 minutes | 34·2 (14·8–78·9) | - | - | - | - | |
| Apgar <4 10 minutes | 50·5 (20·4–125) | - | - | - | - | |
| Neonatal diagnosis | Birth injury to the scalp | 22·9 (12·8–41·1) | 3·06 (1·44–6·48) | 2·81 (0·89–8·84) | 2·93 (0·72–12·0) | - |
| Birth injury to the skeleton | 21·7 (14·4–45·3) | - | - | - | - | |
| Respiratory distress | 3·55 (1·77–7·13) | 1·90 (1·14–3·16) | 1·78 (0·83–3·82) | 1·58 (0·58–4·33) | 1·92 (0·60–6·21) | |
| Sepsis | 4·12 (1·30–13·1) | 3·03 (1·43–6·43) | 2·78 (0·88–8·77) | 2·91 (0·71–11·9) | 2·32 (0·31–16·5) | |
| Convulsions | 271 (170–431) | 11·6 (5·46–24·7) | 3·48 (0·49–24·9) | 16·9 (5·32–53·9) | 8·86 (1·22–64·4) | |
| Other cerebral disturbances of the newborn | 117 (50·9–272) | - | - | - | - | |
133 cases had traumatic SDH, 20 cases had non-traumatic SDH,
216 cases excluded that had both traumatic and non-traumatic SDH, 19 cases with abuse diagnosis excluded
316 cases excluded that had both traumatic and non-traumatic SDH, 14 cases with abuse diagnosis excluded,
4 19 had traumatic SDH, 15 had non-traumatic SDH and 9 had both