| Moisture (g%) |
12.5–16.0 |
9.9 – 12.7 |
17 |
14 |
15.2 |
(Anderson and Weiping, 1992; Balaghi et al., 2011; Davidson, 1980; Gavlighi et al., 2013a, 2013b; Glicksman, 1982; Janaki and Sashidhar, 1998; Kang et al., 2015a; Katayama et al., 2008; Mahendran et al., 2008; Phillips and Williams, 2000; Tischer et al., 2002a; Verbeken et al., 2003; Vinod et al., 2010; Vinod et al., 2008a, 2008b) |
| Total ash (g%) |
4.1 |
2.9 – 3.2 |
7 |
6 |
7.3 |
(Anderson and Weiping, 1992; Balaghi et al., 2011; Brito et al., 2004; Davidson, 1980; de Brito et al., 2005; Gavlighi et al., 2013a, 2013b; Glicksman, 1982; Hall, 2009; Janaki and Sashidhar, 1998; Kang et al., 2012a; Katayama et al., 2008; Le Cerf et al., 1990; Mahendran et al., 2008; Phillips and Williams, 2000; Stephen et al., 2006; Cesar A Tischer et al., 2002a; Verbeken et al., 2003; Vinod et al., 2010; Vinod et al., 2008a, 2008b; Whistler and BeMiller, 1993) |
| Nitrogen (g%) |
0.22–0.39 |
0.46 −0.58 |
0.08 – 0.68 |
Not defined |
Not defined |
(Anderson et al., 1985a, 1983; Balaghi et al., 2011; Brito et al., 2004; de Brito et al., 2005; Gavlighi et al., 2013a, 2013b; Hall, 2009; Le Cerf et al., 1990; Mahendran et al., 2008; Phillips and Williams, 2000; Stephen et al., 2006; Tischer et al., 2002a; Verbeken et al., 2003; Whistler and BeMiller, 1993) |
| Protein (g%) |
1.5 – 2.6 |
2.84 – 3.65 |
0.3 |
Not defined |
6.3 |
(Anderson et al., 1985a, 1983; Balaghi et al., 2011; Brito et al., 2004; de Brito et al., 2005; Gavlighi et al., 2013a, 2013b; Hall, 2009; Janaki and Sashidhar, 1998; Le Cerf et al., 1990; Mahendran et al., 2008; Phillips and Williams, 2000; Stephen et al., 2006; Tischer et al., 2002a; Verbeken et al., 2003; Vinod et al., 2010; Vinod et al., 2008a, 2008b; Whistler and BeMiller, 1993) |
| Acetyl content (g%) |
Not defined |
Not defined |
8 |
Not defined |
12 |
(Brito et al., 2004; de Brito et al., 2005; Hall, 2009; Janaki and Sashidhar, 1998; Le Cerf et al., 1990; Stephen et al., 2006; Verbeken et al., 2003; Vinod et al., 2010; Vinod et al., 2008a, 2008b; Whistler and BeMiller, 1993) |
| Molecular mass (Da) |
1.0 × 105 |
1.6 × 106 |
2 – 5 × 106 |
8.9 × 107 |
1.1 × 106 |
(Balaghi et al., 2011; Castellani et al., 2010; Deshmukh et al., 2012; Gavlighi et al., 2013a, 2013b; Ido et al., 2008; Katayama et al., 2008; Mahendran et al., 2008; Osman et al., 1995, 1993a, 1993b; Padala et al., 2009; Padil et al., 2016, 2015a, 2015b; Phillips and Williams, 2000; Randall et al., 1988; C.A. Tischer et al., 2002; Tischer et al., 2002a; Verbeken et al., 2003; Vinod et al., 2008a, 2008b) |
| Viscosity (dL/g) |
13.2 |
25.9 |
27.9 |
Not defined |
32.6 |
(Anderson et al., 1985a, 1983; Balaghi et al., 2011; Brito et al., 2004; de Brito et al., 2005; Gavlighi et al., 2013a, 2013b; Hall, 2009; Janaki and Sashidhar, 1998; Le Cerf et al., 1990; Mahendran et al., 2008; Phillips and Williams, 2000; Stephen et al., 2006; Tischer et al., 2002a; Verbeken et al., 2003; Vinod et al., 2010; Vinod et al., 2008a, 2008b; Whistler and BeMiller, 1993) |
| pH |
5.0±0.3 |
5.2±0.3 |
4.8±0.1 |
4.8±0.1 |
4.9 – 5.0 |
(Anderson et al., 1985a, 1983; Balaghi et al., 2011; Brito et al., 2004; de Brito et al., 2005; Gavlighi et al., 2013a, 2013b; Janaki and Sashidhar, 1998; Le Cerf et al., 1990; Mahendran et al., 2008; Phillips and Williams, 2000; Stephen et al., 2006; Tischer et al., 2002a; Vinod et al., 2008b; Whistler and BeMiller, 1993) |
Sugar composition (mol %) |
| Galactose |
39 – 42 |
14 – 23 |
13 – 26 |
29 |
18.90 |
(Anderson and Weiping, 1992; Janaki and Sashidhar, 1998; Mahendran et al., 2008; Phillips and Williams, 2000; Verbeken et al., 2003; Vinod et al., 2010; Vinod et al., 2008a) |
| Arabinose |
24 – 27 |
37 – 63 |
49 |
48 |
2.5 |
(Anderson and Weiping, 1992; Janaki and Sashidhar, 1998; Mahendran et al., 2008; Phillips and Williams, 2000; Verbeken et al., 2003; Vinod et al., 2010; Vinod et al., 2008a) |
| Rhamnose |
12 −16 |
4.0 |
15 – 30 |
6.0 |
12.8 |
(Anderson and Weiping, 1992; Janaki and Sashidhar, 1998; Mahendran et al., 2008; Phillips and Williams, 2000; Verbeken et al., 2003; Vinod et al., 2010; Vinod et al., 2008a) |
| Mannose |
Not defined |
Not defined |
10.0 |
Not defined |
8.3 |
(Janaki and Sashidhar, 1998; Vinod et al., 2010; Vinod et al., 2008a, 2008b) |
| Glucose |
Not defined |
Not defined |
Not defined |
Not defined |
7.84 |
(Janaki and Sashidhar, 1998; Vinod et al., 2010; Vinod et al., 2008a, 2008b) |
| Glucuronic acid |
15 – 16 |
3 – 12 |
110.0 |
10.0 |
16.2 |
(Anderson et al., 1985a, 1983; Balaghi et al., 2011; Brito et al., 2004; de Brito et al., 2005; Gavlighi et al., 2013a, 2013b; Hall, 2009; Janaki and Sashidhar, 1998; Le Cerf et al., 1990; Mahendran et al., 2008; Phillips and Williams, 2000; Stephen et al., 2006; Tischer et al., 2002a; Verbeken et al., 2003; Vinod et al., 2010; Vinod et al., 2008a, 2008b; Whistler and BeMiller, 1993) |
Galacturonic
acid
|
Not defined |
3 – 11 |
15– 28 |
Not defined |
10.5 |
(Janaki and Sashidhar, 1998; Vinod et al., 2010; Vinod et al., 2008a, 2008b) |
