Table 6:
Metal/metal oxide NPs synthesized by gum fibers and their electrospun functional membranes for antibacterial efficiencies.
| Composition of NPs |
Type of bacteria tested | Size and concentration of NPs |
Antibacterial susceptibility of bacterial strains towards NPs (ZOIa/MIC b/MBC c) |
References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PVA/GA/Ag NP | E. coli | 10–40 nm; GA (5%), PVA (3%), AgNO3 (1mM) | Not defined | (Juby et al., 2012) |
| GA/DETA microgels | E. coli, S. aureus | 5–100 μm | 5 mg/mL (E. coli), 10 mg/mL (S. aureus) |
(Farooq et al., 2017) |
| GA /poly(sodium acrylate)/Ag NPs hydrogel | E. coli | 20–30 nm; GA (1 g); Na-acrylate (10.63 mmol), AgNO3 (0.117 mmol) | Not defined | (Bajpai and Kumari, 2015) |
| GA /poly (acrylate) hydrogel/ ZnO NPs | E. coli | 40–60 nm; ZnO (2%), GA (1.0g) | 32 ± 0.07 mm | (Bajpai et al., 2016) |
| GT/ ZnO nanorod | E. coli, S. aureus, C. albicans | 55–80 nm; Zn(NO3)2·6H2O (0.1M), GT (1%) | 3.3 ± 0.1 mm (E. coli), 3.2 ± 0.1 mm (S. aureus), 3.0 ± 0.1 mm (C. albicans) | (Ghayempour et al., 2016) |
| GT/nano silver hydro citric acid and sodium hypophosphite hydrogel on cotton fabric | E. coli, S. aureus | 77.55 nm; TG (0.8%), AgNO3 (0.335%) |
Reduction number of colonies 98.0% (E. coli) and 99.69% (S. aureus) | (Montazer et al., 2016) |
| GT/PVA NF | S. aureus, P. aeruginosa | 40%(GT), 60% (PVA) | good antimicrobial properties against (P. aeruginosa) |
(Ranjbar-Mohammadi et al., 2013) |
| GK/Dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA) composite |
E. coli, P. Aeruginosa, and S. aureus |
GK/DDSA (10%) | Gram-negative E. coli (14.2 ± 0.8 mm); P. aeruginosa and Gram-positive S. aureus (15.0 ± 0.8 mm), respectively for 10 wt.% concentration of DDSA/DGK | (Padil et al., 2015b) |
| GK/CuO NPs | 4.8 ± 1.6 nm; CuCl2 ⋅ 2H2O (1 mM) and GK (10 mg/mL) | S. aureus (25923) 14.5 ± 0.8 nm; E. coli (25922), 16.2 ± 0.8 mm. | (Thekkae Padil and Černík, 2013) | |
| KG / Ag NPs | Gram-negative (Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), E. coli (ATCC 35218), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) | 4.5± 3.1 nm; 0.5% KG (0.5%) and AgNO3 (1 mM) | The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for S. aureus (10 μg/mL); P. aeruginosa (5 μg/mL) and E. Coli (2.0 μg/mL). The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of silver NPs against test bacterial strains for both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa (12 μg/mL) each and E. coli ( 2μg/mL) | (Kora and Rastogi, 2015) |
| KG-Ag NPs |
S. aureus (ATCC 25923; ATCC 49834); E. coli (ATCC 25922) and P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) |
5.8 ± 2.4 nm; GK-Ag NPs (1μg/mL) |
E. coli (25922) 3.0 ug/mL; P. aeruginosa (27853) 5.0 ug/mL; S. aureus (25923) 5.0 ug/mL; S. aureus (49834) 5.0 ug/mL | (Rastogi et al., 2015) |
| KG / gelatin sponge cipro floxacin | S. aureus and E. coli | GK (1% w/v) and gelatin (3% w/v) | S. aureus (20 mm) and E. coli (25 mm) | (Rathore et al., 2016) |
| KG/ Ag NPs |
S. aureus (ATCC 25923); and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), E. coli (ATCC 35218) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) |
KG (0.5%) and AgNO3 (1.0 mM) |
S. aureus (ATCC; 25923), 11 mm; E. coli (ATCC 25922), 8.0 mm; E. coli (ATCC 35218), 8.4 mm; and P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), 8.7 mm |
(Kora et al., 2010) |
| Dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA)/ deacetylated KG fibers and membranes | Gram-negative Escherichia coli (CCM 3954) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CCM 3955) and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (CCM 3953) | (PVA, 10 wt%) and DDSA/DGK (10 wt%) |
E. coli (8.0±0.1 mm, 6.0±0.5 mm); P. aeruginosa (7.0±0.1, 4.5±0.6); S. aureus (9.0±0.1, 7.0±0.8) |
(Padil et al., 2015a) |
| GG/ Ag NPs | Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923); and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), E. coli (ATCC 35218), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) |
5.7 ± 0.2 nm 0.1% GG and 1 mMAgNO3 5 μg of silver NPs |
S. aureus, 25923 (12.25 mm); E. coli 25922 (9 mm); E. coli 35218 (8 mm); P. aeruginosa 27853 (11 mm) | (Kora and Sashidhar, 2015) |
aZone of inhibition (ZOI)
bminimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
cminimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)