Fig 2. Normal human kidney cells generate more tubulocysts than primary renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTECs).

(A) Phase-contrast images: primary RPTECs and normal human kidney cells exhibiting tubulocysts formation. (B) Quantification (counts) of tubulocysts in primary RPTEC and normal human kidney cell organoids, categorized by size. Results expressed as mean (± SD) of three independent experiments (n = 3); *p<0.05 vs control. (C) Proliferation assay of primary RPTECs and normal human kidney cells using CCK8 for 72hr. Each matrigel dome containing 1x10⁴ cells and 3x10⁴ cells/25μl of matrigel were loaded in 48-well culture plates. All experiments were performed in triplicate for each condition and repeated at least twice. *p<0.05 vs control.