(A) Light microscopy: hematoxylin and eosin staining of human kidney tubular organoid sections, untreated (Control) and cisplatin-treated (Cisplatin). (B, C) Confocal images: immunostaining of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) in untreated (Control) and cisplatin-treated (Cisplatin) human kidney tubular organoid sections. (D) Quantification of fluorescence intensity of KIM-1 and NGAL in untreated (Control) and cisplatin-treated (Cisplatin) human kidney tubular organoids. KIM-1 (red), anti-KIM-1 antibody; NGAL (red), anti-NGAL antibody; THP (green), FITC-conjugated anti-Tamm-Horsfall protein; DAPI (blue), 4′,6-diamidine-2′-phenylindole dihydrochloride. Results expressed as mean (± SD) of five independent experiments (n = 5); *p<0.05 vs control.