Table.
Generalized information on experimental models of SCI in rats
| No. | Approach level | Injury | Complexity | degree* | Invasiveness | degree* Application References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | C2 | Left hemisection | +++ | +++ | Assessment of functional recovery | [20] |
| 2 | C4 | Resection | +++ | +++ | Investigation of regenerative processes in the conductive pathways upon scaffold implantation and under the influence of a neurotrophic growth factor | [48, 58] |
| 3 | C5 | Contusion | ++ | +++ | Study of electro- and pathophysiology of injury | [13, 66] |
| 4 | C5 | Transverse resection of a spinal cord segment | +++ | +++ | Investigation of axonal regeneration within the scaffold structure | [37, 65] |
| 5 | T3, T3–6 | Transverse resection of the spinal cord | +++ | +++ | Study of motor axon regeneration in fibrin gel under action of neuronal stem cells and growth factor (NGF) within the scaffold structure | [9, 46, 47] |
| 6 | T5–7 | Compression | +++ | ++ | Assessment of clinical consequences, depending on the time of experimental compression of the spinal cord | [16, 18] |
| 7 | T6–7 | Transverse resection of the spinal cord | +++ | +++ | Implantation of scaffolds; investigation of regeneration of injured axons | [83] |
| 8 | T6–10 | Chemical injury | ++ | +++ | Investigation of nerve fiber remyelination | [32] |
| 9 |
T7–9, T7–10 |
Transverse resection of a spinal cord segment | ++ | +++ | Implantation of scaffold; study of the axon ability to grow through the scaffold | [53, 63] |
| 10 | T7–12 | Complete spinal cord transection | +++ | +++ | Study of spontaneous recovery of hindlimb mobility after injury | [60] |
| 11 | T8 | Transverse resection of a spinal cord segment | ++ | +++ | Implantation of scaffolds of different structure | [67, 69, 70, 78] |
| 12 | T8–9, T9 | Transverse resection of a spinal cord segment | ++ | +++ | Investigation of axonal remyelination within fibrillar collagen scaffolds and the possibility of spontaneous functional recovery | [33, 50, 52, 59] |
| 13 | T9 | Contusion | ++ | +++ | Assessment of contusion severity by locomotor tests and investigation of the influence of mesenchymal stem cells on regenerative processes | [21, 64] |
| 14 | T9 | Contusion followed by resection of a glial scar | +++ | +++ | Replacement of a glial scar with collagen scaffolds with mesenchymal stem cells | [84] |
| 15 | T9–10 | Hemilaminectomy | ++ | ++ | Scaffold implantation | [61] |
| 16 | T9–12 | Transverse resection of a spinal cord segment | ++ | +++ | Investigation of the effect of autologous olfactory ensheathing cells on spinal cord regeneration | [11] |
| 17 | T10 | Contusion | ++ | +++ | Investigation of contusion injury | [23] |
| 18 | T10 | Transverse resection of a spinal cord segment | ++ | +++ | Investigation of myelination of injured nerve fibers and formation of a glial scar; study of functional recovery using neuronal stem cells | [41, 44] |
| 19 | T10–11 | Chemical injury | ++ | +++ | Investigation of magnetic field-driven migration of astrocytes to the injury site | [42] |
| 21 | T11 | Electrostimulation | +++ | ++ | Comparison of compensatory abilities in primates and rats in spinal cord injury | [1] |
| 22 | T11–12 | Complete transection | +++ | +++ | Implantation of scaffolds; investigation of the effect of neuronal factor on axonal regeneration | [74] |
| 23 | L1–5 | Transverse resection of a spinal cord segment | ++ | +++ | Investigation of regeneration of motor neuron axons | [43] |
*Severity: + – mild, ++ – moderate; +++ – pronounced.