Table 1.
Patient characteristics at baseline
| CEA (n = 2271) |
CAS (n = 2326) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Male n (%) | 1593/2271 (70.1%) | 1615/2326 (69.4%) |
| Age years (mean, SD) | 69.4 ± 9.2 | 69.2 ± 9.2 |
| Systolic blood pressure mmHg (mean, SD) | 142.8 ± 21 | 143.9 ± 21 |
| Hypertension n (%) | 1718/2264 (75.9%) | 1743/2264 (75.3%) |
| Diabetes n (%) | 576/2270 (25.4%) | 575/2325 (24.7%) |
| Hyperlipidemia* or LLT n (%) | 1471/2271 (64.7%) | 1462/2326 (62.9%) |
| LLT | 1443/2271 (63.5%) | 1439/2326 (61.9%) |
| Smoking (current or past) n (%) | 1472/2254 (65.3%) | 1489/2308 (64.5%) |
| Coronary artery disease n (%) | 630/2218 (28.4%) | 626/2276 (27.5%) |
| mRS at baseline n (%) | ||
| 0 n (%) | 1133/2252 (50.3%) | 1167/2305 (50.6%) |
| 1 n (%) | 587/2252 (26.1%) | 622/2305 (27.0%) |
| 2 n (%) | 365/2252 (16.2%) | 358/2305 (15.5%) |
| >2 n (%) | 167/2252 (7.4%) | 158/2305 (6.9%) |
| Degree of ipsilateral carotid stenosis | ||
| Moderate (50–69%) n (%) | 443/2271 (19.5%) | 441/2326 (19%) |
| Severe (70–99%) n (%) | 1828/2271 (80.5%) | 1885/2326 (81.0%) |
| Contralateral stenosis or occlusion | 301/2037 (14.8%) | 308/2326 (14.8%) |
| Qualifying event type | ||
| Ocular ischemia n (%) | 388/2256 (17.2%) | 394/2312 (17.0%) |
| Transient ischemic attack n (%) | 835/2256 (37.0%) | 847/2312 (36.6%) |
| Hemispheric stroke n (%) | 1033/2256 (45.8%) | 1071/2312 (46.3%) |
| Days from QE to treatment median (IQR)† | 29.0 (13.0, 67.0) | 26.0 (11.0, 61.0) |
| Treatment within 7 days of QE n (%) † | 214/1907 (11.2%) | 277/1926 (14.4%) |
Baseline data of patients in the stenting and endarterectomy group. Percentages exclude missing data. CEA = carotid endarterectomy; CAS = carotid artery stenting; LLT = lipid lowering therapy: EVA-3S recorded LLT use at baseline but patients were only considered to be taking LLT if started >3months prior to randomization. SPACE and CREST collected data on LLT use at randomization. ICSS did not collect information on LLT use at baseline but did collect these data at the one-month follow-up, which were included in the table. QE = qualifying event; SD = standard deviation.
Data were not collected in SPACE.
Date of the qualifying event before randomization was not collected in the SPACE trial initially, but for the pooled analysis, these dates were gathered where available.