TABLE I.
Randomized controlled trials for the acute treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis
| Reference (study name) | Pts (n) | Intervention | Duration | Major bleeding (%) | Recurrent VTE (%) | Death (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) compared with vitamin K antagonist | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Meyer et al., 200210 (CANTHANOX) | 67 | Enoxaparin 1.5 mg/kg daily | 3 Months | 7 | 3 | 22.7 |
| 71 | Vitamin K antagonist | 16 | 4.2 | 11.3 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Lee et al., 200311 (CLOT) | 336 | Dalteparin 200 IU/kg daily for 1 month, and then 150 IU/kg | 6 Months | 4 | 9 | 39 |
| 336 | Vitamin K antagonist | 6 | 17 | 41 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Deitcher et al., 200612,a (ONCENOX) | 29 | Enoxaparin 1 mg/kg daily | 3 Months | 6.5 | 6.9 | 6.5 |
| 32 | Enoxaparin 1.5 mg/kg daily | 11.1 | 6.3 | 19.4 | ||
| 30 | Vitamin K antagonist | 2.9 | 10 | 8.8 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Hull et al., 200613 (LITE) | 100 | Tinzaparin 175 IU/kg daily | 3 Months | 7 | 6 | 19 |
| 100 | Vitamin K antagonist | 7 | 10 | 20 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Lee et al., 201514 (CATCH) | 449 | Tinzaparin 175 IU/kg daily | 6 Months | 2.7 | 7.2 | 33 |
| 451 | Vitamin K antagonist | 2.4 | 10.5 | 31 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Direct-acting oral anticoagulant compared with LMWH (completed) | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Raskob et al., 20187 (HOKUSAI VTE Cancer) | 522 | LMWH for 5 or more days, and then edoxaban 60 mg daily | 12 Months | 6.9 | 7.9 | 39.5 |
| 524 | Dalteparin 200 IU/kg daily for 1 month, and then 150 IU/kg daily | 4.0 | 11.3 | 36.6 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Young et al., 20188 (SELECT-D) | 203 | Rivaroxaban 15 mg twice daily for 3 weeks, and then 20 mg daily | 6 Months | 6 | 4 | 25 |
| 203 | Dalteparin 200 IU/kg daily for 1 month, and then 150 IU/kg daily | 4 | 11 | 30 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Direct-acting oral anticoagulant compared with LMWH (ongoing)b | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| NCT02746185 (CASTA-DIVA) | 80 | Rivaroxaban 15 mg twice daily for 3 weeks, and then 20 mg daily | 3 Months | |||
| 80 | Dalteparin 200 IU/kg daily for 1 month, and then 150 IU/kg daily | |||||
|
| ||||||
| NCT02583191 (CONKO-011) | 225 | Rivaroxaban 15 mg twice daily for 3 weeks, and then 20 mg daily | 6 Months | |||
| 225 | Therapeutic dose of LMWH | |||||
|
| ||||||
| McBane et al., 201715 (ADAM-VTE) | 150 | Apixaban 10 mg twice daily for 7 days, and then 5 mg twice daily | 6 Months | |||
| 150 | Dalteparin 200 IU/kg daily for 1 month, and then 150 IU/kg daily | |||||
|
| ||||||
| NCT03045406 (CARAVAGGIO) | 584 | Apixaban 10 mg twice daily for 7 days, and then 5 mg twice daily | 6 Months | |||
| 584 | Dalteparin 200 IU/kg daily for 1 month, and then 150 IU/kg daily | |||||
a
All groups started with enoxaparin 1 mg/kg twice daily for 5 days.
b
The ongoing trials in this table do not constitute a complete list of relevant trials. Patient numbers represent the target enrolment, and results have not yet been reported.
Pts = patients; VTE = venous thromboembolism