Table II.
Studies showing association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with coronary artery disease
| Author | Year | Country | Study design | Subjects | Findings | Risk estimates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hamaguchi [15] | 2007 | Japan | Prospective observational study | 1637 (1221 available for analysis) | 1. Higher incidence of ASCVD in NAFLD subjects 2. NAFLD was a predictor of ASCVD independent of conventional risk factors |
OR = 4.12; 95% CI: 1.58–10.75; p = 0.004 |
| Wong [16] | 2011 | China | Prospective cohort study | 612 | 1. CAD was more common in patients with NAFLD 2. NAFLD is associated with CAD independent of other metabolic factors |
OR = 2.31; 95% CI: 1.46–3.64 |
| Idilman [82] | 2007–2010 | Turkey | Cross-sectional retrospective study | 273 | NAFLD was associated with significant CAD (defined as ≥ 50% stenosis, at least in one coronary artery) in type 2 diabetics | OR = 2.128; 95% CI: 1.035–4.377 |
| Alper [83] | 2008 | Turkey | Prospective cohort study | 80 | 1. More vessels involved among patients with NAFLD as compared to patients without NAFLD 2. NAFLD is associated with more severe CAD |
Number of vessels (2.5 ±0.9 vs. 1.0 ±1.0; p < 0.001). CAD severity scores (90.2 ±40.0 vs. 36.4 ±28.9; p < 0.001) |
| Acikel [84] | 2009 | Turkey | Cross-sectional analysis | 355 | NAFLD has an independent effect on CAD and Gensini score | CAD (OR = 2.58; p < 0.01) Gensini Score (OR = 2.02; p < 0.05) |
| Sun [85] | 2011 | China | Cross-sectional analysis | 542 | 1. NAFLD independently increased the risk for CAD 2. NAFLD was significantly more common in patients as CAD severity increased |
OR = 7.585; 95% CI: 4.617–12.461 |
| Arslan [88] | 2012 | Turkey | Cross-sectional analysis | 151 | 1. NAFLD was more prevalent in patients with poor coronary collateral circulation 2. Mean Rentrop collateral score was significantly lower in patients with NAFLD |
1. 82.9% vs. 49.4%; p < 0.001 2. 1.2 ±1.2 vs. 2.1 ±0.9; p < 0.001 |
| Targher [14] | 2000–2005 | Italy | Prospective nested case-control study | 2103 | NAFLD was significantly associated with increased cardiovascular disease among type 2 diabetics independent of traditional risk factors and the metabolic syndrome | OR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.4–2.1; p < 0.001 |
| Pisto [13] | 1991–2009 | Finland | Population based randomly recruited cohort | 988 | Severe liver fat content predicted the risk of future cardiovascular events after adjustment for age, gender, and study group | HR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.32–2.80 |
ASCVD – atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, NAFLD – non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, CAD – coronary artery disease.