Table 1. The effects of RSV treatment on diabetes-related dementia.

Ref. No.	Study design	Treatment	Main findings
Tian et al. [59]	Male Sprague-Dawley rats (10–12 weeks old, 200–250 g), single dose of 60 mg/kg STZ (n = 15/group)	RSV (10 mg, 20 mg/kg), 8 weeks	• Improve cognitive performance (Morris water maze test)
			• Attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation
			• Inhibit synapse loss
Tian et al. [60]	Male Sprague-Dawley rats (2 months old, 180–210 g), single dose of 60 mg/kg STZ (n = 15/group)	RSV (80 mg/kg), 4 weeks	• Improve cognitive deficit (Morris water maze test)
			• Reverse alterations in the protein expression of caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, NMDAR1 and BDNF
Du et al. [62]	Male Sprague-Dawley rats (3 months old, 250 ± 20 g), ICV-STZ of 3 mg/kg, twice with an interval of 48 hours (n = 10/group)	RSV (30 mg/kg), 8 weeks	• Improve cognitive capability (Morris water maze test)
			• Reverse alterations ERK1/2 phosphorylation, tau phosphorylation, sirtuin 1 activity in hippocampus
Schmatz et al. [61]	Male Wistar rats (70–90 days old, 250–270 g), single dose of 55 mg/kg STZ (n = 6–13/group)	RSV (10 mg/kg), 30 days	• Decrease acetylcholinesterase activity in blood and prevent memory impairment
Wong et al. [63]	Thirty-six type 2 diabetes adults (40–80 years old)	Single doses of RSV (0, 75, 150, and 300 mg)	• Improve neurovascular coupling capacity and multi-tasking performance

RSV, resveratrol; STZ, streptozotocin; NMDAR1, N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; ICV, intracerebroventricular; ERK1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2.