A, significant differences (P = 3 × 10−4) in myocardial mass between male (M) and female (F) baboons were found, with significant increases occurring with age, particularly in males. However, the slopes were positive and the change with age was only significant in females. B, myocardial mass, normalized to body surface area (BSA), is also significantly different between males and females (P = 2 × 10−5) and decreases significantly with age (P = 0.015) in a manner that is most significant in females (slope = −1.2 g m−2 year−1).