TABLE 3.

Serum cytokine and chemokine concentrations in 33 participants classified by adiposity and BMI¹

	Adiposity		BMI
	Normal adiposity, n = 12	High adiposity, n = 21	Normal weight, n = 8	Overweight, n = 14	Obese, n = 11
Cytokines
Proinflammatory
IL-1β, pg/mL	3.14 ± 2.31	2.78 ± 2.85	2.78 ± 2.27	3.73 ± 3.09	1.98 ± 2.09
IL-6, pg/mL	2.53 ± 1.51	16.6 ± 57.9	2.33 ± 1.12	23.9 ± 70.6	2.28 ± 1.48
TNF-α, pg/mL	10.2 ± 10.6	11.5 ± 15.2	6.31 ± 5.98	15.9 ± 17.5	8.32 ± 10.1
G-CSF, pg/mL	94 ± 143	102 ± 168	59 ± 153	150 ± 181	62 ± 116
IFN-γ, pg/mL	2.8 ± 3.7	54 ± 145	1.3 ± 1.5	81 ± 173	1.72 ± 2.67
Anti-inflammatory
IL-10, pg/mL	6.5 ± 3.4	25.2 ± 67.2	7.7 ± 4.7	32.5 ± 81.9	8.3 ± 9.2
TGF-β1, ng/mL	39.3 ± 47.6	27.0 ± 31.4	31.7 ± 32.6	43.6 ± 50.6	15.8 ± 14.8
TGF-β2, pg/mL	276 ± 176	311 ± 253	316 ± 680	334 ± 205	221 ± 184
TGF-β3, pg/mL	140 ± 125	282 ± 354	92 ± 55	252 ± 301	305 ± 372
Chemokines
IL-8, pg/mL	42.0 ± 31.8	41.0 ± 17.4	36.7 ± 12.8	50.1 ± 31.0	33.59 ± 12.7
MCP-1, pg/mL	89.8 ± 127	69.2 ± 81	59 ± 57	102 ± 135	56 ± 64
MIP-1α, pg/mL	13.1 ± 6.9	6.9 ± 5.1	8.55 ± 9.82	8.86 ± 6.43	9.99 ± 8.03
MIP-1β, pg/mL	712 ± 1010	400 ± 278	348 ± 181	613 ± 930	507 ± 410
RANTES, ng/mL	78.3 ± 53.6	91.8 ± 44.9	83.9 ± 52.2	95.3 ± 42.6	78.3 ± 53.7

¹Values are means ± SDs. No differences were reported between adiposity or BMI classifications. G-CSF, granulocyte-colony–stimulating factor; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; MIP, macrophage inflammatory protein; RANTES, regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted.