TABLE 1.
Relative abundance of phyla in piglets fed HBM or MF at days 16 and 491
| Day 16 | Day 49 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phylum | HBM (n = 14) | MF (n = 15) | Fold-change (log2)2 | P (adjusted) | HBM (n = 11) | MF (n = 12) | Fold-change (log2)2 | P (adjusted) |
| Verrucomicrobia | 3.11 ± 1.3 | 0.09 ± 0.0 | 5.30 | <0.01 | — | — | — | — |
| Lentisphaerae | 0.06 ± 0.0 | 0.02 ± 0.0 | 0.70 | 0.83 | 0.20 ± 0.1 | 0.12 ± 0.0 | −0.58 | 0.88 |
| Actinobacteria | 2.63 ± 1.1 | 3.53 ± 0.6 | −1.30 | 0.14 | 0.01 ± 0.0 | 0.02 ± 0.0 | 0.16 | 0.88 |
| Proteobacteria | 5.05 ± 1.5 | 4.64 ± 1.1 | 0.30 | 0.83 | 1.23 ± 0.4 | 2.40 ± 0.4 | −0.77 | <0.05 |
| Firmicutes | 36.53 ± 5.0 | 50.53 ± 5.1 | −0.10 | 0.83 | 34.61 ± 3.3 | 34.07 ± 3.1 | 0.29 | 0.12 |
| Bacteroidetes | 47.26 ± 3.9 | 38.82 ± 4.7 | 0.10 | 0.83 | 63.21 ± 3.6 | 62.33 ± 3.4 | 0.17 | 0.74 |
| Tenericutes | 2.56 ± 0.8 | 1.25 ± 0.5 | 1.20 | 0.62 | 0.73 ± 0.2 | 0.54 ± 0.2 | 0.92 | 0.32 |
| Fusobacteria | 2.77 ± 0.0 | 0.04 ± 0.0 | −0.40 | 0.83 | — | — | — | — |
| Synergistetes | 0.01 ± 0.0 | 0.04 ± 0.0 | −3.10 | 0.28 | — | — | — | — |
| Cyanobacteria | — | — | — | — | <0.01 | 0.53 ± 0.2 | −8.05 | <0.01 |
1Values in diet columns are means ± SEMs of relative abundances on days 16 and 49. The SEM is not indicated where relative abundance was <0.01% and the em dash (—) indicates <0.005% relative abundance. P values (adjusted) from Wald test indicate differences between diet groups within day. HBM, human breast milk; MF, milk formula.
2Fold-change [log2(normalized means)] reference group is MF.