Table 1.

Effects of microbial depletion on motor function and motivated behavior^a

Treatment	Subject	Behavior	Description	Reference
Germ-free	C57BL/6 and Swiss-Webster mice, male	Sensorimotor	Decreased activation of intestinal sensorimotor neurons	Yano et al., 2015
Low-dose penicillin	C57BL/6 mice, male + female	Social preference	Increased preference for familiar conspecifics	Leclercq et al., 2017
Germ-free	Swiss-Webster mice, male	Social preference	Increased preference for familiar conspecifics	Desbonnet et al., 2014
High-dose antibiotic mixture	NIH Swiss mice, male	Novel object preference	Increased preference for familiar object	Desbonnet et al., 2015
Germ-free	Swiss-Webster mice, male	Novel object preference	Increased preference for familiar object	Gareau et al., 2011
High-dose antibiotic mixture	C57BL/6 mice, male	Novel object preference	Increased preference for familiar object	Fröhlich et al., 2016
Germ-free	ASO mice (Parkinson's model), male	Motor behavior	Less robust deficits in time to traverse a beam, descend a pole, and remove an adhesive from the nasal bridge	Sampson et al., 2016
Germ-free	C57BL/6 mice, male	Food consumption	Decreased caloric consumption	Rabot et al., 2010
High-dose antibiotic mixture	C57BL/6 mice, male	Drug-seeking behavior	Increased conditioned place preference	Kiraly et al., 2016

^aEffects of germ-free status (relative to conventionally colonized mice) or treatment with antibiotics (relative to subjects not treated with antibiotics) on motor function, novelty-seeking behavior, or addiction.