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Comparison of MANET, VANET, and FANET.
| Characteristics | MANET | VANET | FANET |
|---|---|---|---|
| Node Mobility | Lower (2-D) | Low (2-D) | RW-UAV: High (3-D) FW-UAV: Medium (3-D) |
| Node Speed | Lower (6 km/h) | Medium–High (20–100 km/h) | RW-UAV: Medium (50 km/h) FW-UAV: High (100 km/h) |
| Mobility Model | Random | Manhattan models | RW-UAV: RWP [17] FW-UAV: PPRZM [18]/ST [19] |
| Topology Change | Low | Medium | High |
| Energy Constraints | Medium | Low | RW-UAV: High (15–30 min) FW-UAV: Medium (to 5 h) |
