Table 1.
Articles included in systematic review.
| Author, Year | Design | Subjects (n) | Age (Range) | Music Genre | Rehearsal Time (hs) | HL (%) | HL (Frequency) | HL (Symmetry) | Tinnitus (%) | Hyperacusis (%) | Diplacusis (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Axelsson, 1978 [33] | PS | 83 | ns | PR | 1:00 | 30% | 3000–6000 Hz | Symmetric | ns | ns | ns |
| Axelsson, 1981 [34] | PS | 38 | 27–33 | PR | 4:30 | 28.9% | 4000–6000 Hz | Symmetric | ns | ns | ns |
| Axelsson, 1981 [35] | PS | 139 | 20–69 | CL | ns | 43.2% | 4000–8000 Hz | Symmetric | ns | ns | ns |
| Karlsson, 1983 [36] | LS | 392 | 20–69 | CL | ns | 25% | 6000–8000 Hz | Asymmetric | ns | ns | ns |
| Johnson, 1986 [37] | CC | 60 | 24–64 | CL | ns | none | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Royster, 1991 [38] | PS | 59 | 30–69 | CL | 2:30 | 52.5% | 6000 Hz | Asymmetric | ns | ns | ns |
| Axelsson, 1995 [39] | PS | 83 | 20–46 | PR | 3:30 | 10.8% | 3000–6000 Hz | Symmetric | 12% | 9% | ns |
| Obeling, 1999 [40] | PS | 57 | 22–65 | CL | ns | 17.5% | 4000–8000 Hz | Asymmetric | ns | ns | ns |
| Kahari, 2001 [41] | PS | 140 | 23–64 | CL | ns | 52.5% | 6000–8000 Hz | Asymmetric | ns | ns | ns |
| Kahari, 2001 [42] | LS | 56 | 30–50 | CL | ns | 76.8% | 4000–8000 Hz | Symmetric | ns | ns | ns |
| Eaton, 2002 [30] | PS | 53 | 25–60 | CL | 3:00 | 24.5% | 3000-6000 Hz | Symmetric | ns | ns | ns |
| Kahari, 2003 [43] | CSS | 139 | 26–51 | PR | 5:00 | 74.1% | 3000–8000 Hz | Symmetric | 48% | 45% | 2.8% |
| Mendes, 2007 [29] | PS | 34 | ns | PR | ns | 58.8% | 3000–6000 Hz | Symmetric | 47% | ns | ns |
| Beltrao Amorim, 2008 [44] | PS | 30 | 18–40 | PR and CL | 3:50 | 16.7% | 3000–6000 Hz | Symmetric | ns | ns | ns |
| Sayegh, 2008 [45] | PS | 340 | 18–28 | CL | ns | 63.8% | ns | Asymmetric | 28% | ns | ns |
| Jansen, 2009 [46] | PS | 241 | 23–64 | CL | ns | 51.9% | 6000 Hz | Symmetric | 17% | ns | 8.2% |
| Hasson, 2009 [47] | CS | 250 | ns | CL | ns | 6% | ns | ns | 19% | 14% | ns |
| Phillis, 2010 [48] | PS | 329 | 18–25 | PR and CL | 2:00 | 45% | 4000–6000 Hz | Symmetric | ns | ns | ns |
| Pawlaczyk, 2011 [49] | PS | 127 | 22–67 | CL | 4:30 | 26% | 2000–4000 Hz | Symmetric | ns | ns | ns |
| Toppila, 2011 [50] | PS | 63 | 22–52 | CL | ns | 100% | 4000–6000 Hz | Symmetric | 9.5% | 6.3% | ns |
| Samelli, 2012 [51] | CC | 16 | 21–41 | PR | 3:15 | 100% | 2000–3000 Hz | Symmetric | ns | ns | ns |
| Raymond III, 2012 [52] | PS | 32 | 35–64 | CL | ns | 25% | 4000–8000 Hz | Symmetric | ns | ns | ns |
| Patil, 2013 [53] | CC | 84 | 26–47 | CL | ns | none | ns | Symmetric | ns | ns | ns |
| Russo, 2013 [54] | PS | 44 | 41–57 | CL | 4:00 | 100% | 4000–6000 Hz | Symmetric | ns | ns | ns |
| Goncalves, 2013 [55] | CS | 50 | 21–51 | CL | 4:00 | 32% | 2000–16,000 Hz | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Wilson, 2013 [56] | PS | 144 | 18–60 | CL | 3:15 | 22.9% | 4000–8000 Hz | Symmetric | ns | ns | ns |
| Luders, 2014 [57] | RS | 42 | 18–58 | CL | ns | 7.14% | 250–3000 Hz | Symmetric | ns | ns | ns |
| O’Brien, 2014 [58] | PS | 367 | 35–51 | CL | ns | 42.5% | 2000–8000 Hz | ns | 34% | ns | ns |
| Schmidt, 2014 [59] | CC | 212 | 20–69 | CL | 4:00 | 60.8% | 3000–6000 Hz | Asymmetric | ns | ns | ns |
| Halevi-Katz, 2015 [31] | PS | 44 | 20–64 | PR | 5:15 | 100% | 3000–6000 Hz | Symmetric | 6% | 2% | ns |
| Dudarerewicz, 2015 [60] | PS | 18 | 30–58 | CL | 3:30 | 27.8% | 4000 Hz | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Stormer, 2015 [61] | CC | 111 | 16–52 | PR | 2:00 | 37.8% | 6000 Hz | Symmetric | 10% | ns | ns |
| Luders, 2016 [62] | PS | 30 | 33–54 | CL | 3:00 | 43.3% | 3000–6000 Hz | Symmetric | 53% | 33% | ns |
| Hennir, 2016 [63] | PS | 28 | 18–25 | CL | 2:00 | 25% | ns | Symmetric | ns | ns | ns |
| Luders, 2016 [64] | PS | 100 | 28–38 | PR and CL | ns | 32% | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| Pouryaghoub, 2017 [65] | CS | 125 | 31–38 | PR and CL | ns | 82.4% | 3000–6000 Hz | Asymmetric | 51.2% | ns | ns |
| Hoydal, 2017 [28] | CC | 111 | 16–52 | PR | ns | 100% | 1500–6000 Hz | Asymmetric | 19.8% | ns | ns |
| Pawlaczyk-Luszczynska, 2017 [66] | CC | 168 | 18–29 | CL | 4:00 | 13.1% | 6000 Hz | Symmetric | 32.1% | 27.4% | ns |
| Stormer, 2017 [67] | CS | 111 | 22–41 | PR | ns | ns | ns | ns | 19.8% | ns | ns |
| Szibor, 2018 [68] | PS | 22 | 18–62 | PR | ns | 95.4% | 6000 Hz | ns | 27.3% | 27.3% | ns |
| Behar, 2018 [69] | LS | 46 | ns | CL | ns | 100% | 4000–8000 Hz | ns | ns | ns | ns |
List of articles included in our systematic review. For each article, we specified: first author and year, type of study, number of subjects included, age range, type of music played by study participants, rehearsal time, percentage of hearing loss, affected frequencies, symmetry of hearing loss, percentage of audiological symptoms (tinnitus, hyperacusis, diplacusis). PS: prospective study; LS: longitudinal study; CS: cohort study; CC: case-control study; CSS: cross-sectional study; RS: retrospective study. PR: pop/rock; CL; classical. ns: not specified.