Table 2.
Approach | Geographical Context | Age | RR | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | Women | ||||
Partially adjusted | Worldwide | All adult ages | 1.18 | Flegal et al. 2013 [27] | |
Partially adjusted | Europe | All adult ages | 1.27 | Flegal et al. 2013 [27] | |
Combined approach | Worldwide | All adult ages | 1.27 | 1.25 | Flegal et al. 2013 [27] |
Weighted sum method | Europe | <50 | 1.55 | 1.5 | Lobstein & Leach 2010 [29] |
50–59 | 1.539 | 1.49 | |||
60–69 | 1.5225 | 1.475 | |||
70+ | 1.495 | 1.45 | |||
Weighted sum method | Worldwide | < 35 | 1.59 | 1.60 | Wang 2015 [28] |
35–44 | 1.39 | 1.58 | |||
45–54 | 1.39 | 1.49 | |||
55–64 | 1.21 | 1.35 | |||
65–74 | 1.15 | 1.25 | |||
75+ | 1.11 | 1.11 |
For our adjusted CRA approach, we used cause-specific, sex-specific, and age-specific RRs provided by the GBD 2013, which are worldwide RRs based on a meta-analysis [21] (recent RRs). In addition, we identified previously published worldwide RRs based on a meta-analysis [22] (less recent RRs) (see Table 1).